154 HOLLAND: GEOLOGY OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF SALEM. 



Amongst the rolled fragments found at the foot of the mountains 

 were : — 



(i) A kind of granite with a granular texture, containing small 

 round garnets of the size of peppercorns abundantly disseminated 

 through the rock. 12 



(2) A species of beautiful jade-like stone • ' * veined with deep- 

 green and yellowish green colours, and forming a tolerable imitation 

 of certain variegated fabrics. 13 



(3) Much milky quartz. There is a great rock-mass of very pure 

 quartz in one of the mountains to the north-west named the " Elephant 

 Rock '•' ; u the inhabitants who delight in multiplying the objects of 

 their religion have consecrated it to their divinities (VI, 343). 



On the plains near Salem, M. Leschenault discovered a white 

 rock veined with green, which he at first took to be a quartzose 

 rock containing pieces of carbonate which effervesced with sulphuric 

 acid. The rock is veined and marked with large spots of a deep- 

 green colour, some of which are amygdaloidal in shape and resemble 

 chlorite (VI, 343, 344). 



Examples of these occur at the northern foot of this hill, W.-S.-W. of Salem 

 (No. ir 900}, where also occur the lighter-coloured members of the charnockite 

 series (pyroxene-granulites) with a general E.-N.-E.— W.-S.-W. trend of foliation. 

 A small mass of quartz-felspar pegmatite with magnetite and hematite cuts 

 these. 



12 The pyroxene-granulites (charnockite series) so abundant in the neighbour- 

 ing hill-masses are often garnetiferous. 



13 Probably a felspathic rock containing veins of pistacite. There is a polished 

 specimen of this kind in the Paris collection labelled " environs de Salem." 



14 There are two of these large masses of quartz kno-vn as the (White) Elephant 

 rocks. One, the smaller, is situated on the west and the other on the east side 

 of the Gundur spur of the Shevaroy hills ; the latter, which is the larger and a 

 prominent object in the hill-side, is more often known as the " white elephant 

 rock, " and is probably the one referred to by Leschenault. Its characters have 

 been described by Mr. R. Bruce Foote, F.G.S. (Mem., Geol. Surv., Ind.,lV, 335) 

 and its microscopic characters given on a previous page of this paper (page 35). 

 The name " Elephant rock " is given to more than one prominent mass of rock in 

 South India and Ceylon, 



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