RECENT VOLCANOES. 285 



series observed by Mr. Blanford in the Narmashir district. The 

 volcanic activity may have traversed the same phases as in other 

 regions; in Auvergne for instance, where the recent and sub-recent 

 eruptions were preceded by pliocene and even miocene outbursts. 

 Lastly, it is well known that mud volcanoes have been observed 

 in many parts of Baluchistan and Eastern 



Mud volcanoes. 



Persia. 1 That they are phenomena connected 

 in some way with real volcanic activity is admitted by many 

 geologists, and, in the present instance, they would also therefore 

 belong to the Eastern Persian volcanic district. 



Terraces of Travertine. 



Deposits of carbonate of lime, the products of former thermal 

 springs, connected no doubt with volcanic activity, have been 

 mentioned in a number of localities. The most considerable deposits 

 are north of Jhuli (see ante, page 70) and at Tozgi (page 73). 

 Similar deposits were noticed by previous observers in the neighbour- 

 hood of K6h-i-Malik Dokhand in Afghanistan. 



The travertine occurs in well stratified layers, but without form- 

 ing a distinct succession of terraces disposed in successive steps, a 

 feature now obliterated by denudation, for the hot springs that 

 gave rise to the deposits have ceased to flow, and denudation had 

 commenced acting before the deposition had entirely ceased. For 

 instance, north of Jhuli, where the leposits cover a very large area 



and rise to a considerable height upon the hill- 

 Deposits near Jhuli. 



slopes, ravines nave been eroded through the 



accumulations of travertine ; but on the floor of these ravines, the 



1 Descriptions of the mud volcanoes of Baluchistan are given in — Transactions of the 

 Geographical Society of Bombay, Vol. Ill (1839-40), p. 77 : Pilgrimage to Hinglaj, by Captain 

 S. V. W. Hart. Journ. Bom. As. Soc, Vol. 111(1850), p. 8: Memoranda on mud craters 

 in the district of Luss, by Captain A. C. Robertson Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind., Vol. 

 V : Note on the Geological Formations seen along the coasts of Biluchistan and Persia 

 from Karachi to the head of the Persian Gulf, and on some of the Gulf Islands, by 

 W. T. Blanford, p. 43. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. , Vol. XXX (1874), p. 50: On the Mud 

 Craters and Geological Structure of the Makran Coast, by Lieutenant A. W. Stifle. 

 Manual of the Geology of India, 2nd edition, p, 22. Geogr. Journ., Vol. IX (1897): The 

 Southern Borderlands of Afghanistan, by Captain A. H. V! cMahon, p. 39S. 



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