ARCH^AN AND PLUTONIC ROCKS. 47 



extent and commanding positions make it easy to understand what 

 a mighty stronghold it was in former times. 



Kailasa, which lies about three miles south-west by west, a far finer 

 looking hill, splendidly scarped and naturally castellated, beside being 

 200 feet higher, was left unfortified, because, according to a native ac- 

 count, there was insufficient accommodation for water storage. 



To the east of Raya Drug, the only granite hill of any size and 

 Granite hills east of importance is the mass culminating in the Dar- 

 Raya Drug. mapuri (Durmapoory) Trigonometrical station 



(2,474'). A large spur of this mass, which crosses the new high road from 

 Raya Drug to Kanakal (Cunnacull) and Malyam (Maulayau), consists of 

 strongly-banded hornblendic granite gneiss, the bedding striking N. 

 5 W. with a high easterly dip. It is very soon lost sight of under the 

 great black soil spread which covers the plain drained by the Haggari 

 and Jannagahalla rivers, a spread of black soil covering over 500 square 

 miles of country, with only six or seven visible inliers of the old 

 rocks. 



The Bellaguppa hills, 10 miles east of Darmapuri peak, are small 



rocky hills consisting of a slightly hornblendic 

 Bellaguppa hills. . 



granite 01 nne grain and speckly in appearance. 



In colour it is purplish red or grey, with dark grey bands and some black 

 hornblendic inclusions. The rock shows but little lamination, but 

 there is a distinct bedding on a large scale which is very conspicuous 

 in the north-western part of the hills. Except for the fact that 

 Bellaguppa hills stand across the boundary,they ought really to be reck- 

 oned part of the Kallian Drug group of hills, which are seen standing 

 up in bold and graceful shapes some eight or nine miles to the south. 

 These, as seen by sunset light, reminded me, despite the great differ- 

 ence in size, very strongly of the Sinaitic mountain group seen from 

 the Red Sea. Both colour and shape bore a strong resemblance. 



Another noteworthy hill belonging to this group, and only four 

 miles south-west of Bellaguppa hill, consists of a lofty, almost conical, 

 domoid mass standing on the back of a broad low dome. It is local- 

 ly known as Hulikal Drug. 



( 47 ) 



