186 FOOTE : GEOLOGY OF THE BELLARY DISTRICT. 



tion occur in the banks and bed of the Nari Halla between Virapur 

 (an abandoned village), £ a mile south of the Ettinahatti (Yettem- 

 hutty) travellers' bungalow, and Tallur, 3 miles tc the north. Similar 

 cemented beds are to be seen, though on a smaller scale, in many 

 of the nullahs draining the different tracts of Dharwar rocks. 



The calcareous matter by which these shingles and other deposits 

 are cemented appears to have been introduced into them by the 

 flood-waters of the rivers and streams in whose beds and banks they 

 occur and to have been precipitated as the waters retreated ; the form- 

 ations are therefore preferably regarded as of aqueous origin, but 

 cases of cementation occur also on a small scale which must be 

 regarded as of distinctly subaerial character. 



CHAPTER IX. 



Subaerial formations and Soils. 



The formations to be considered first in this chapter are of small 

 importance, and with one exception of very limited extent. The ex- 

 ception is formed by the purely seolian formations which in Bellary 

 district consist only of river-side dunes or sand-hills raised by the 

 action of wind on the broad sandy beds of some of the rivers during 

 the many months when the surface is dry. The other subaerial 

 formations are kankar deposits or calcareous tufas and local 

 haematitic breccias formed by quasi-lateritic cementation of the 

 weathered surfaces of many of the great haematite beds already de- 

 scribed. 



The greatest show of blown sands occurs along the right bank of 



Blown sands of the the Haggari river from the village of Honur down- 



Haggan valley. war( j to Marlamaddaki, a distance of over 40 



miles. It is only on the right bank of the river that the dunes are 

 formed by the westerly winds which prevail during the driest 

 months of the year as well as during the south-west monsoon. 

 Formerly the sands advanced without let or hindrance, and did 

 serious injury in some villages by covering up considerable tracts 



( 186 > 



