84 J. D. Dana — Summit Crater of Mt. Zoa. 



fading out of the crater-fires. They announce that the top of 

 the Mi. Loa column of liquid lavas is in the crater, or has its 

 maximum length, and is at serious work, even if no outbreak 



ensues. 



The following table contains the times of these minor dis- 

 plays, as well as those of the admitted greater eruptions. In 

 the table the latter are indicated by italics : 



Dates. Conditions at the Summit. 



1. 1832. June 20. Bright light at the summit, 2-3 weeks. 



2. 1S43. Jan. 9 to lo.te in Feb.; 1£ mos. Clouds : Jan. 10-17, bright light. ' 



3. 1649. May. 2 to 3 weeks. Brilliant light; just after activity in K. 



4. 1851. Aug. 8 ; 3 or ± dags. Bright light for 3 or 4 days. 



5. 1852. Feb. 15 to June; about 4 mos. Brilliant light for 24 hours. 



6. 1855. Aug. 11 to Nov., 1856 ; 15 mos. Bright light at beginning. 



7. 1859. Jan. 23 to Nov. 25 ; 10 mos. Brilliant light at first. 



8. 1S65. Dec. 30: 4 mos. Brilliant light for 4 mos., varying; at 



close, Kilauea increases its activity. 



9. 1868. Mar. 27 to Apr. 12; the flow Bright light from March 27 to 30. 



4 days, 



10. 1872. Aug. 10. into September. Brilliant; a lava fountain of 500 feet; a 



tidal wave on the coast; K. very active. 



11. 1873. Jan. 6. 7 ; 2 days. Brilliant. 



12. 1873. Apr. 20 to Oct.. 1874; 18 mos. Brilliant more or less for 18 mos.: in 



June and Aug., '73. a lava fountain. 

 300-600 feet. 

 Brilliant. 

 Brilliant. 



Brilliant; a submarine eruption. 

 Brilliant: a lava fouutain of 900 feet; 

 Pele's hair fell in Hilo. 

 ; 9 mos. Bright for a few days. 



Bright for a few hours. 

 1 mth. Vapors ; no light seen. 



The table contains the dates of ten periods of summit activity 

 or illumination independent of the great eruptions ; some short, 

 but others prolonged for months, and varying greatly from 

 time to time in brightness. 



All these minor displays have taken place without initiating 

 or announcing earthquakes. 



It is obvious from the tables that the lengths of the inter- 

 vals between the eruptions and the summit illuminations are 

 too various, as far as now understood, to sustain the idea of 

 periodicity. 



2. Relation to seasons. — The evidence of a seasonal relation 

 appears to be beyond question. Out of the whole number. 19, 

 5, counting in that of 1865, occurred in January, 3 in Febru- 

 ary, 4 in March, April and May, and 1 in June, making IS in 

 the first six months of the year. Of the remainder, 4 com- 

 menced in August and 2 in November. Thus 15 out of the 

 19 took place in the wetter season. Add to these facts those 

 from Kilauea mentioned in volume xxxv, p. 16, where the 

 months given are March ?, January or June, May, May, Octo- 



13. 



1875. 



Aug. 



11 : 



one week 



14. 



1876. 



Feb. 



13; 



few days. 



15. 



1877. 



Feb. 



14: 



few days. 



16. 



1880. 



May 



1. 





17. 



1880. 



Nov. 



5 to 



Aug., 1881 



18. 



1887. 



Jan. 



16; 



ten days. 



19. 



1887. 



Xov. 



25, 



into Feb. : 



