N. O. DIPTERROCARPEAE. 161 



longitudinal furrows. Wood. Sap wood small, whitish, not dur- 

 able ; heartwood brown, pale, when first cut but darkening on 

 exposure, coarse-grained, hard, with a remarkably cross-grained 

 and fibrous structure ; the fibres of alternate belts in the wood 

 on a vertical section, running in opposite directions, so that when 

 the wood is dressed, a very sharp plane is necessary, or it will 

 not get smooth ; does not season well. Leaves, when full grown, 

 glabrous and shining, 6-10 by 4-6 in., petiole f-1 in., stipules fin., 

 falcate, pubescent, caducous. — (W. T. Thiselton Dyer). 4-12 by 

 2-7 in., ovate-oblong, acuminate, tough, thinly coriaceous ; lateral 

 nerves 12-15 pair, twice near the apex, very slender, base cordate 

 or rounded ; petioles terete (Kanjilal). Flowers in large lax 

 terminal or axillary racemose panicles covered with white 

 pubescence. Calyx-tube short, adnate to the torus ; segments 

 ovate, all accrescent in fruit. Petals pale yellow, about Jin. 

 long, narrow, oblong, lanceolate, bearded, minutely trifid at apex. 

 Ovary 3- celled ; style subulate. Fruit \ in. long, ovoid, acute, 

 rather fleshy,, indehiscent, white— pubescent. Wings 5, 2-3 in. 

 long, spathulate, narrowed at the base, brown when dry, some- 

 what unequal, with 10-12 straight parallel nerves. 



The tree yields, when tapped, a large quantiy of white 

 opaline resin, which is burnt as incense. An oil is extracted 

 from the fruit which is used for burning and to adulterate 

 with ghee. The fruit is formed into flour and eaten by the 

 poorer classes in times of scarcity (Kanjilal ). 



This is the principal tree of the Siwalik Division. In 

 Nepal, it attains 100-150 ft., with a clear stem, to the first 

 branch of 60-80 ft., and a girth of 20-25 ft. (Brandis). Within 

 the limits of the Siwalik and Jaunsar Flora, it is seldom more 

 than 80 ft. in height, and 6 ft. in girth, unless hollow inside 

 (Kanjilal). ''Tropical Himalaya and along its base, from Assam 

 to the Sutlej. Eastern Districts, Central India, western Bengal 

 Hills." (W.T. T. Dyer). 



Farts used : — The resin and leaves. 



Use : — By the Hindoo writers, the resin is regarded as 

 astringent and detergent, and is used in dysentery, and for 

 fumigations, plasters, &c. The resin thrown over the fire gives 

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