N. O. RUTACEiE. 253 



A tree, armed with prickles. " Bark greyish, brown ; 

 young stems covered with thick, conical prickles from a corky 

 base. Wood moderately hard, close-grained, white. Pores 

 small, uniformly distributed, often in short radial lines. 

 Medullary rays fine, short, numerous" (Gamble). Brandis 

 says that it is an aromatic evergreen tree. Gamble says : — 

 "It is a pretty tree. When young, the steins are leafless at 

 the top, where the long pinnate leaves are put out umbrella- 

 fashion." Leaflets 5-10 pair, glabrous, broadly crenate, witli 

 large glands in the sinus, base very oblique ; Cymes terminal, 

 very large, glabrous (J. D. Hooker). Seeds aromatic, says 

 Gamble. 



Use. — The carpels can hardly be distinguished from those 

 of Z. Rhetsa, and are used similarly in medicine (Watt.) 



228. Toddalia aculeata, Pers. h.e.b.i., i. 497. 

 Syn. : — Scopolia aculeata, Sm. Eoxb. 207. 

 Sans. :— Kanchana ; dahana. 



Vern. : — Kanj (H.) ; Dahan, Lahan (Rajputana) ; Meinkaia 

 (Nepal) ; Saphijirik (Lepcha) ; Milkaranai, Kandvi, (Tarn).; 

 Konda-Kashinda. (Tel.) ; Jangli-Kali-mirchi (Bomb.). Kudnr- 

 Miris (Sinhalese.) 



Habitat : — Throughout India, in Java, Sumatra, China and 

 the Phillippines and Mauritius. Subtropical Himalaya, from 

 Kumaon eastwards to Bhotan ; Khasia Mountains, and through- 

 out the Western Peninsula. Ceylon, bushy places, from sea- 

 level upto 6,000ft., very common. 



A large scandent shrub, the branches covered with prickles, 

 on broad corky cones, often lin. high. Bark brown, thin, 

 with prominent lenticels. Wood porous, yellowish white. 

 Pores moderate-sized, often undivided, uniformly distributed. 

 Medullary rays very fine, uniform and equidistant, bent where 

 they touch the pores (Gamble). Prickles on branchlets sharp. 

 The woody conical lenticels terminal, in short curved spines. 

 Young shoots rusty, tomentose. Leaflets crenulate, greatly vary- 

 ing in length, in the semi-evergreen scrub, near Madras 1 J-2in. t 



