N. 0. RHAMNEiE. 341 



Trimen says it is nearly allied to R. frangula, the Alder 

 buck-thorn of England. 



Use : —In the Western Peninsula the bark is in much 

 repute on account of its tonic, astringent and deobstruent pro- 

 perties (Dymock.) 



295. R. purpureus, Edgew, h.f.b.i., i. 639. 



Vern. ' — Bal sinjal, karu, memarira, Kinji (Pb.). 

 Habitat : — West Himalaya, from Mnrree to Kumaon, In- 

 dus to Sard river 4500 p. 10,000. 



An unarmed, middle-sized tree, young shoots pubescent, 

 the previous year's branchlets purple. Leaves alternate, ovate- 

 lanceolate, acuminate. Secondary nerves 6-10 pair, prominent, 

 blade 3-4 in. Petiole \ in. Flowers mostly bi-sexual, 5-merous, 

 in axillary clusters or Cymes. Petals O ; style short, 3-cleft 

 nearly to the base. Drupe \ to \ in. long, sub-globose, bitter. 



Use : — In Hazara the fruit is used as a purgative (Ste- 

 wart). 



294. R. triqueter, Wall, h. f. b. i., i. 639. 



Vein. : — Rangrek (Pb.) Lhish Jaunsar. 



Habitat : — Punjab, in the Salt Range ; Western Himalaya, 

 from the Jhelum, alt. 3-4,000 ft., to Kumaon. Lanowla, Puran- 

 dhar Hill, in the Poona District. 



A small tree. Branchlets and leaves, with dense short 

 tomentum. Leaves ovate or elliptic-oblong. Secondary nerves 

 6-10 pair, prominent. Blade 2-5 in., petiole J-f in. long. 

 Flowers clustered on axillary racemes attaining 3 in., puber- 

 ulous, fascicled on the leafless (very rarely leafy) branches. 

 Fruit i in., obovoid, 3-lobed. Seeds, with a broad open 

 groove. 



Use : — Talbot writes that " it is very like R. Wightii, and 

 may have been formerly cultivated in the Deccan for its medi- 

 cinal qualities " (Forest Flora, p. 30). 



295. Gouania leptostachya, B.C., h.f.b.i., i. 643. 

 Vern, : — Batwasi, tung-cheougmourik (Sikkim.) 



