N. 0. SAXIFRAGACE.E. 531 



Ovules numerous, on 3-5 parietal placentas. Berry finally bright 

 intensely dark-blue. 



Use.: — The shoots and the bark of the roots are made into 

 a decoction and used as a febrifuge by the Nepalese (Watt). 



" It appears to have no active effects, unless it be taken in 

 large quantity in the form of decoction. The natives take it in 

 doses large enough to make them sick, and so indirectly to cure 

 the fever." 



481. Ribes orientate Poir. h.f.b.l, ii. 410. 



Syn. : — R. Villosum, Wall. Roxb. 



Vern. : — Nanghe ; Phulanch (Chenab) ; Askuta (Laduk.) ; 

 Gwaldakh, Kaghak (Kaghan) (N.-W. P.); Yange (Spiti). 



Habitat : — Kashmir and Baltistan. 



A shrub 6ft. high, polygamo-dioecious, unarmed, sticky, 

 glandular and minutely hairy. Leaves round-reniform, crenate, 

 obscurely 3-5-lobed, 1-l^in. diam. Bracts i'm. long, linear, 

 often exceeding the pedicels. Racemes erect somewhat dense 

 in flowers, lax and pendant in fruit. Flowers small, greenish. 

 Calyx-tube hardly produced above the fruit. Berries glandular- 

 pubescent, Jin. diam ; roundish yellow or reddish. 



Use : — The berries taken one or two at a time, are consi- 

 dered by the natives an excellent purgative ( Aitchison.) 



N. 0. CRASSULACE.E. 



482, Bryophyllum calyeinum, Salisb. H.F.B.L, 

 ii. 413. 



Syn :— Cotyledon rhizophylla, Eoxb. 388. 



Vern. : — Kop-pata (B.); Zakhm-haiyat-ka-patta (Duk.); Malai- 

 kalli, runa-kalli (Tarn.); Sima-jamudu (Tel.); Elamarunna, 

 elamarunga, murikuti (Mai.); Lonua-hadakana-Jida (Kan.); 

 Ghaimari, aranmaran, Ahiravan-Mahiravan (Bomb.) 



Habitat : — Throughout the tropical plains of India, uni- 

 versal in Lower Bengal. 



A perennial, succulent, glabrous herb. Stem erect, hollow, 

 l-4ft. Leaves usually simple, rarely compound, with 3 leaflets, 

 opposite-stalked, fleshy, ovate or oblong, 3-6in., crenate, obtuse. 



