N. 0. SAMYDACE^. 571 



8, erect. Filaments very short ; style very short ; stigma large, 

 quadrate-pyramidal. Capsule about lin., quadrangular truncate, 

 tapering down-wards, hairy, 8-ribbed, thin. Seeds minuate, 

 ovoid, brown, polished. Raphe prominent. 



Uses : — The plant reduced to a pulp and steeped in butter- 

 milk, is considered useful in dysentery ; a decoction is used as 

 a vermifuge and purgative (Ainslie). 



In Jaspur, the root is boiled and the liquid is drunk for fever 

 (J. J. Wood's Plants of Chutta Nagpur, p. 105;. 



518. Trapa bispinosa, Roxb : h.f.b.i., ii. 590, 

 Roxb, 144. 



Sans. : — Sringataka. 



Vern.v -Sin ghara H.) ; Paniphal (B.) ; Parigadda (Tel.) ; 

 Karim pola (Mai.) ; Shingoda, Singodi (Guz.) ; Shingada (Mar.) ; 

 Shingari (Dec.) ; Shingara (Tarn.) 



Habitat : —Throughout India. 



A floating herb much cultivated in fresh water tanks or 

 ponds for its delicious fruit. The roots are typically hairy, long, 

 fine and trailing. In the Roxburghian type, says C. B. Clarke, 

 floating leaves 2 by 2J-3in., very villous beneath, posterior 

 margin entire, anterior lightly crenate ; petiole 4-6in., woolly. 

 Fruit L-lJiri. long and broad, glabrous or hairy but slightly ; two 

 opposite angles, each with an often retrorsely scabrous spine, 

 the other two angles obsolete. 



Use :- -The nuts are farinacious, and used as food ; considered 

 by natives cool and sweet, useful in bilious affections and 

 diarrhoea. The nuts are also used in the form of poultices 

 (Punjab Products). See K. R. Kirtikar's paper in Vol. I 

 (Bombay N. H. Society). 



N. 0. SAMYDACEiE. 



519. Casearia graveolens, Dalz, h.f.b.i., ii. 592. 

 Vern : — Naro, nahraw, chila, pimpri (Bomb) ; Chilli, nara 

 or narha (Dehra Dun) ; Naro (Bijnor). 



