N. 0. UMBELLIFERiE. 627 



576. Fceniculum vulgare, Gcertn. h.f.b.l, ii. 695. 



Syn. :— Anethum Panmorium, Eoxb. 272. 



Sans. : — Madhurika. 



Vern. :— Bari saunf, Sonp (H.J ; Mauri (B.) ; Sohikire (Tarn.) ; 

 Wariaree (Gaz.); Bari-shopha (Bomb); Bari-shaup (Mar.) 

 jilakurra iTel.) ; Badisopu (Kan.). 



Habitat .-—Commonly cultivated throughout India. 

 Tall glabrous herbs, sometimes annual. Leaves 2-3-4-pinnate, ultimate 

 segment linear. Bracts ; braeteoles 0, or few small and linear. Calyx-teeth 

 0. Petals yellow, emarginate. Fruit not laterally compressed, oblong or 

 ellipsoid ; carpels ^-terete ; ridges prominent, subequal ; furrows 1-vittate ; 

 corpophore 2-partite. Seed somewhat dorsally compressed, inner face slight- 

 ly concave. (Duthie) 



Use : — Used as stimulant, aromatic, and carminative. The 



root is regarded as purgative, and the leaves diuretic. In 



Madras, the fruits are used in venereal diseases (Watt). 



Fennel fruit yields about 3 per cent, of volatile oil, which consists of 

 anethol or anise camphor and variable proportions of a liquid isomeric with 

 oil of turpentine. The oil is used in Europe in the manufacture of cordials 

 and enters into the composition of fennel water, which is known in India as 

 muhori-ka-arak or arah bddian. 



577. Prangos pabularia, Lindi., h.f.b.l, ii. 695. 



Vern. : — Fitur asaliyun (Pb. and Bomb.) ; Prangos. Komal 

 (Pushtu) ; Badian Kohi (Pers., according to Aitchison). 



Habitat : — Kashmir. 



Tall, perennial herbs. Stem 4-5 ft. Leaves 12-18 in., 3-4 

 pinnate, very compound. Umbels 6-18 in. diam., sometimes 

 very compound. Bracts 4-8, fin., linear. Calyx teeth 0. Petals 

 emarginate, yellow. Pedicels 15-25, -§-|in., whereof 4-8 may 

 produce fruit. Fruit i-fin. ; oblong, commissure broad ; wings 

 i-in. broad ; style bases depressed ; styles short, early reflexed. 

 Carpels \- terete, dorsally compressed, inner face nearly plane, 

 but the epicarp there thin, introflexed in a deep T-shaped groove ; 

 epicarp spongy ; primary ridges large, sub-equal or the lateral 

 larger ; vittse small, numerous ; carpophore 2-partite. Seed 

 iViom. diam. dorsally compressed, inner face slightly concave, 

 with a deep narrow T-shaped groove. [C. B. Clarke), 



