N. 0. BURIA0E.E, 649 



Vern. :— Mainp'hal, manyul, karhar, arar (H.) ; Menphal (B.) ; 

 Mindla, mandkolla, mindhal, mendphal (Pb.) ; Gundrow (Mar.); 

 Mindhal (Guz.) ; Maidal, amuki (Nepal) ; Panji (Lepcha) ; Patiree 

 (Uriya); Madu-karray, marukkallan-kay (Tarn.) ; Mangha (Tel.) ; 

 Kare (Kan.). 



Habitat : — Subtropical Himalaya, from Jammu eastwards to 

 Sikkim ; and thence southwards to Chittagong, and the Western 

 Peninsula (not recorded from Assam, the Khasia Mountains, 

 Silhet or the Eastern Peninsula). 



A deciduous, thorny shrub or small tree, armed with stout 

 axillary spines, l-ljin. or l-2in. long. Bark grey. Wood 

 white or light-brown, compact, hard, close and even-grained. 

 Branches horizontal, rigid, many of the lateral ones suppressed, 

 and very short spines in opposite pair coming off immediately 

 above branchlets, horizontal, woody, strong, very sharp. Leaves 

 usually fasciculate on the suppressed branchlets, nearly sessile, 

 l-2in. long, obovate, oval or spathulate, tapering to base, 

 obtuse, apiculate, glabrous, or slightly pubescent, thin, reticulate 

 veined. Stipules acuminate. Flowers lin. diam., 1-3 at ends 

 of suppressed branchlets. Pedicels short. Calyx-limb broadly 

 tubular, from nearly glabrous to very hairy ; segments leafy, 

 ovate, acute, imbricate, glabrous, or slightly hairy. Corolla 

 hairy outside ; tube as long as the Calyx ; lobes rounded, 

 spreading. Fruit globose or broadly ovoid, about fin., crowned 

 with large Calyx-limb, pilose, yellow, 2-celled ; pericarp thick. 

 Seeds flat, surrounded with gelatinous pulp : Flowers yellowish- 

 white, yellow, says Brand is. 



Parts used : —The bark, rind and fruit. 



Uses ;— The fruit is described by Sanskrit writers as the best 

 and safest of emetics. One ripe fruit is said to be a sufficient 

 dose; emesis is generally promoted by a drink containing 

 bitters and aromatics. 



Mahomedan writers describe it as an emetic which expelp 

 bile and phlegm, at the same time acting as an aperient. ; it, 

 should be administered with aromatics and honey (Dymock\ 



Externally applied, it acts as an anodyne in rheumatism 

 (Stewart). 

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