N. 0. buriace^:. 661 



aliphatic acids, can be detected. In the neutral part of the oil, which only 

 amounts to a few per cent, ethyl alcohol can be detected after saponification ; 

 methyl alcohol and alcohols of a fusel-like odor are also probably present. 

 The percentage of acids is over 90, a rare occurrence with essential oils. 

 [J. Ch. I for Jan. 31, 1910, p. 110]. 



614. M. tinctoria, Roxb. h.f.b.i., hi. 156 ; Roxb. 

 182, 183. 



Sans. : — Achchuka. 



Vevn. : — A'l (H.) ; Ach, daruharidra (B.) ; Achu (Uriya) ; 

 Chaili, bankatari (Santal) ; Larnong, asfikhat (Assam) ; Ach, aich 

 (C. P.) ; Manjishta 'Bomb.) ; Maddi chettu, mulaga chettu (Tel.) 



Habitat : — Throughout India. 



A moderate-sized or small deciduous tree, usually pubescent 

 or tomentose. Bark corky, bottle brown or grey, with numer- 

 ous, deep, longitudinal cracks. Wood red, often yellow, with 

 red streaks, moderately hard, close-grained. Leaves not shin- 

 ing, elliptic-obovate or lanceolate, blade 4-8, narrowed into 

 petiole J-lin. long. Peduncles solitary, axillary leaf opposed, 

 frequently in short trichotomous panicles at the ends of branch- 

 lets. Flowers 5-merous. Corolla usually tomentose outside, 

 tube, i-fin. long, anthers exserted or included, syncarpium fin. 

 diam. [Syncarpium or syncarp is a multiple or fleshy aggre- 

 gate fruit, such as the mulberry or magnolin.] 



Use : — The root is used internally as an astringent. (Irvine). 



615. M. umbellata, Linn, h.f.b.i., hi. 157. 



Syn. : — M. Scandens, Roxb. 184. 



Vevn. : — Noona-marum (Tarn.) ; Moolooghoodoo (Tel.) ; A'l 

 (Bomb.); Maddi-chekhi (Kan.) 



Habitat : — Hills of Eastern Bengal and the Malay Peninsula, 

 from the Khasia Mountains to Penang and Singapore ; Western 

 Peninsula, South Concan, Neilgherry and Travancore Mount- 

 ains. 



A large diffuse shrub, climbing by long tomentose, slender 

 branches. Leaves rarely 5in., usually membranuous, from 

 broadly ovate to elliptic or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, acute or 

 caudate, acuminate, glabrous, pubescent or tomentose beneath ; 

 nerves very distinct. Stipules acute, connate. Petiole slender, 



