N. O. COMPOSITE. 709 



very short tails. Achenes T V n -> slender, glabrous, shorter 

 than the scanty white pappus ; tip dilated. 



Use : — In Kanawar, the seeds are given for colic. (Stewarts 



676. S. densiflorus, Wall., h.f.b.l, hi. 355. 



Vern. : — Chitawala (Pb.). 



Habitat : — Central and Western Himalaya, from Nepal to 

 Bhotan, and the Khasia Mountains. 



Shrubby plants. Branches, leaves beneath and corymbs 

 clothed with appressed white, rarely grey, cottony wool. Branches 

 stout. Leaves 5-9 by l-3Jin., glabrous or cottony above, 

 narrowly or broadly elliptic, or obovate lanceolate acuminate, 

 toothed(teeth often hooked) ; petiole, large, i-lin., with often 

 small, broad-toothed auricles. Heads campanulate, shortly 

 pedunculated. £in., long, many-fid, bracteolate in axillary and 

 terminal branched subpanicled corymbs. Involucre-bracts 8-12, 

 linear, acute, white tomentose(opaque). Receptacle pitted and 

 bristly; ligules 8-10, very short. Achenes tV n -> glabrous; 

 pappus equalling or shorter than the tubular corollas, white. 



Use :— The leaves are applied to boils (Stewart). 



677. Eehinops echinatus, DC. h.f.b.l, hi. 358. 



Sans. : — Utati. 



Vern. : — Utkatara (Indian Bazars). 



Habitat : — Upper Gangetic plains, N.-W. Himalaya, and the 

 Punjab, from Benares westward, ascending to 5,000ft. to 

 Sirmore. Behar, Sindh. The Dekkan. 



A much-branched, spreading, rigid annual, l-2ft. high, bran- 

 ched from the base. Branches wide-spreading. Leaves 3-5 

 in. long, sessile, oblong, pinnatifid, spines often 1 Jin. Balls of 

 head white l-ljin. diam Outer invol. bracts 6-8 oblanceolate 

 glabrous pungent one often spinescent ; Involucre |in., long, 

 inner hardening around the obconic silky villous achenes. 

 Achenes ^in. long. 



Use :— The drug is considered to be tonic and diuretic. It 

 is bitter, and appears to us to have the same properties as the 



