N. 0. COMPOSITE. 711 



'Dioscorides affirmed that the seeds being drunk are a remedy 

 for infants that have their sinews drawn together, and for those 

 that be bitten of serpents ; and we find in a record of old Saxon 

 remedies, that this wort, if hung upon a man's neck, it setteth 

 snakes to flight' [Sowerby's Eng. Bot., V., p. 5]. 



680. Sassurea obvallata, Wall., h.f.b.l, hi. 365. 



Vern. : — Bergandu tongur (Kumaon) ; Kanwal, Birm-kanwal 

 (Pb.) 



Habitat : — Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim. 



A simple pubescent, or glabrate herb. Root very thick, 

 crowned with blackened remanis of petioles. Stem simple, 

 leafy, 6-18in., as thick as a little finger or less, terminated by 

 the curved bladdery veined, translucent leaves, which form a 

 pale head 3-6in. diam. Leaves 4-Sin., glabrous, obtuse toothed, 

 lower petioled, elongate-obovate, cauline, sessile, J-amplexicaul 

 oblong concave, floral cymbiform membranous, enclosing 2-6 

 sessile or shortly peduncled glabrous heads. Heads \-\ in. 

 diam., hemispheric. Corolla Jin.; anther-tails very short, laci- 

 niate. Achenes ovoid, flattened, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus 

 brown, -§-in., outer bristles scabrid or 0. 



Use :— The root is used for application to bruises and cuts 

 (Duthie). 



681. S. candicans, Clarke, h.f.b.l, hi. 373. 

 Vern. : — Batula ; Kaliziri (Pb.). 



Habitat: — Subtropical and Temperate Western India and 

 the Himalaya, from the Salt Range, Hazara, and Kashmir to 

 Bhotan. 



Herbs, with 2-5 ft. stem, simple below. Inflorescence cottony. 

 Leaves sometimes 18 by 5in., oblong or ovate-oblong, entire 

 or sinuate-toothed, or lobulate at the base, or lyrate-pinna- 

 tifid, glabrous or pubescent above, cottony or white tomentose, 

 rarely glabrous beneath. Heads l-ljin. diam, long, peduncles 

 in large, open, panicled corymbs. Involucre-bracts, cottony or 

 pubescent, lanceolate, acuminate. Receptacle bristles long. 

 Corolla upward of fin. long, anther-tails lacerate. Achenes sin., 



