712 INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 



5- angled, muricate, top cupular, very variable as to rugosity, 

 Pappus hairs very slender, white, equalling the Corolla, outer 

 absent. 



Use : —The seeds are collected in the Punjab for the drug- 

 sellers (Stewart). Carminative, used in masalas for horses 

 (Calthrop, in Watt's Dictionary). 



682. S. hypoleuca, Spreng. h.f.b.i., in. 374. 



Habitat : — All over temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to 

 Sikkim. 



Herbs, with stem, simple or branched above, leafy, 

 lather slender, 2-5ft., glabrous or puberulous. Leaves lyrate or 

 lyrate-pinnatifid, sinuate toothed, glabrous above, cottony or 

 white beneath ; membranous, terminal lobe large sometimes 

 5in. diam, deltoid acute, lateral generally one pair triangular, 

 acute ; 3-8in., variable in breadth, petioled or sessile ; petiole 

 auricled at the base or not. Heads lj-2in. diam., globose, nod- 

 ding or inclined, very many-fid, base often intruded, long pe- 

 duncled. Involucre very broad and open, bracts lanceolate, 

 acuminate, ciliate, often recurved. Corolla fin., limb as long 

 as the tube. Anther-tails long, subulate, quite entire, or split 

 near the tip. Achenes short, 4-angled, tubercled, -§-in. long, 

 almost cubical, with obtuse angles, black ; tip contracted, with 

 a terminal toothed cup. Pappus single, fin., brown. 



Use : — It appears probable that part of the costus used 

 medicinally in India is derived from this species (Watt). 



683. 5. Lappa, Clarke, h.f.b.i., hi. 376. 



Syn. : — Aplotaxis Lappa, Dene ; Aucklandia Costus, Falconer. 



Sans. : — Kushtha ; Kashmirja. 



Vern.:— Kut; Kust (H.) ; Pachak, Kur(B.); Post-khai 

 (Kashmir); Kusta (Bhote) ; Kut, kot (Pb.) ; Duplate (Bomb.); 

 Upaleta; Kut (Guz.) ; Kostum, putchuck, goshtam (Tarn.); 

 Changala, Kustam (Tel.) ; Sepuddy (Malay.) 



Habitat : — Kashmir. 



Tall, very stout, herbs. Stem 6-7ft., very robust, as thick as 

 the little finger, below- Leaves membranous, scaberulous above. 



