N. 0. COMPOSITE. 715 



A coarser species than the preceding ; leaves obovate-oblong, 

 very coarsely toothed or sometimes pinnatifid. 



Use : —It is a bitter tonic and a diuretic, and is used in 

 coughs (S. Arjun). 



687 Volutarella divarieata, Benth. h.f.b.i., hi. 

 383. 



Syn.: — Carduus ramosus, Roxb. 595. 



Vern.: — Badaward (Bomb.) ; Sakayi (M.). 



Habitat: — Central, Western and Southern India, from Be- 

 har and the Upper Gangetic plains to Lahore ; and from Sind 

 to Mysore and the Deccan ; ascending to 3,000 ft. in the N.-W. 

 Himalaya. 



An annual straggling stiff weed, dichotomously branched ; 

 branches l-2ft. long, angled, smooth or scabrid. Leaves very 

 variable, oblong or obovate, entire, toothed or pinnatifid, 1-2 by 

 ^-f in., rarely 6 by 3in., sessile, base simple, lobes rounded, mu- 

 cronate, often undulate or crisped. Heads J-lin. long, i-Jin. in 

 diam., hard, with spiny involucre-bracts. Involucre-bracts ovate, 

 glabrute reddish, with a long spreading or recurved spinescent 

 awn ; spines i-iin., smooth ; receptacular bristles short. Corolla 

 Jin., straight, pale-purple. Achenes ^in., narrow, acutely 4-5- 

 angled, striate and punctate between the angles, base narrow ; 

 areole small, lateral, deeply excavated, top broad, truncate ; 

 pappus spiny, of many unequal scabrulous hairs, ^in. long, 

 silvery brown, 3 or 4 innermost flattened and long (J. D. 

 Hooker) . 



Uses : — The author of the Makhzan says that the plant has 

 tonic, aperient and deobstruent properties. It is said to drive 

 away noxious reptiles when kept in the house (Dymock). 



Slightly mucilaginous, and is used in coughs (S. Arjun). 

 It is used as a febrifuge and is often prescribed in fevers and 

 general debility (R. N. Khory.) 



688 Carthamus tinctorius, Linn, h.f.b.i., hi, 

 386 ; Roxb 595. 



