PACHYDERMATA. — Leidy. 107 



name of Tapirus mastodontoides* The specimen described by Dr. Harlan, on which the 

 latter was founded, is also stated to have been a lower molar, from Big-bone-lick. Mr. 

 Cooper, however, considered the tooth, described by Dr. Harlan, as the first temporary 

 molar of a Mastodo?i,f and in this view he is sustained by M. De Blainville,J and also by 

 Dr. Hays, who informs me he had an opportunity of inspecting the specimen. 



Col. B. L. C. Wailes has submitted to my examination a fragment of the left side of the 

 lower jaw, of the larger variety of the Tapir, discovered in Mammoth ravine, Adams Co., 

 Mississippi, in association with remains of the Mastodon and Megalonyx. The specimen 

 represented in figures 4, 5, contains the posterior two molar teeth, which only differ from 

 those of the recent Tapir in their larger size. Comparative measurements of this fossil 

 with the lower jaw of the T. Americanus, are as follows : 



RECENT TAPIR. FOSSIL TAPIR 



Depth of lower jaw below penultimate molar, 23 lines 26 lines 



Antero-posterior diameter of . . . "' " 1 1^ lines 12 lines 



Transverse " " " 8| lines 10 lines 



Antero-posterior diameter of last molar, 12 lines 13^ lines 



Transverse " "... 8| lines 10 lines 



A lower back molar, of an old individual of the larger variety of the fossil Tapir has 

 been sent to me for examination by Dr. J. G. Norwood. The specimen was obtained by 

 Mr. Francis A. Lincke, from the banks of the Ohio river, near Evansville, Indiana, where 

 it was found with remains of Megalonyx, Bison Americanus, Equus, Cervus, and Canis 

 primcevus. It is represented in figures 9, 10; and it has the crown worn to a level with 

 the bottom of the transverse valley, and has long divergent fangs. Its diameters 

 antero-posteriorly and transversely are nearly equal, being about ten lines. 



A short time since, Prof. J. Brainerd, of Cleveland, Ohio, loaned me for examination an 

 interesting specimen, consisting of a much mutilated fragment of the lower jaw, of the 

 smaller variety of the extinct Tapir, partially imbedded in a block of bluish clay. The 

 fragment contains two broken teeth and part of a third; and belonged to a young individual. 

 The specimen, Prof. Brainerd informs me, w.as found in the valley of Yellow creek, 

 Columbiana Co., Ohio, in an erosion of the coal series, and was covered with thirty feet of 

 clay, two hundred and sixty-two feet above Lake Erie, and one hundred . and eighty-six 

 feet above low water in the Ohio river. 



* Med. and Phys. Researches, 264; Fauna Americana, 224. Since writing the above, the specimen, upon 

 which Dr. Harlan characterized this supposed species, has been found in his collection, and is now deposited 

 in the cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. It is undoubtedly a first temporary molar 

 of the Mastodon. See Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, 1858, p. 12. 



f Amer. Month. Jour. Geol., Note, 163. JOsteog. Gen.; Tapir, 34. 



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