320 Scientific Intelligence. 



tion of considerable difficulty as to the nature of the return or 

 compensation current. Dr. Fricker offers a solution of the 

 problem, based on the temperature observations of the Challenger 

 and the Gazelle, which concur in showing a stratum of relatively 

 warm water at depths between 700 and 900 fathoms in all oceans. 

 The bottom water, moving slowly northward, is ultimately stop- 

 ped and forced to ascend (the phenomena are naturally most fully 

 developed in the Indian Ocean), its temperature greatly raised, 

 and finally its density so increased by evaporation that it sinks 

 to a position of equilibrium at an intermediate depth and flows 

 southward, tending at the same time eastward through the 

 Earth's rotation as a warm current. On regaining the Antarctic 

 regions the water of this intermediate current is in part absorbed 

 in the formation of ice, and the remainder being thereby in- 

 creased in density sinks to the bottom and begins its slow return 

 northward. 



3. Prodromus Faunae Mediterranece, of Julius Victor Cartts 

 of Leipzig, vol. ii, Part III, Stuttgart, 1893 (E. Scbweitzenbart'shce 

 Yerlagshandlung). — This new part of volume ii, treats of the 

 Vertebrata, and concludes this very important Prodromus on the 

 Fauna of the Mediterranean. Something of the value of the 

 work may be gathered from the fact that the index of species 

 occupies more than 100 pages, and is independent of an Index of 

 common names covering 30 pages. 



4. Bulletin of the Geographical Club of Philadelphia. Vol. 

 1, No. 1, pp. 1-35. January, 1893, Philadelphia. — The first 

 number of the new publication by the Geographical Club of 

 Philadelphia contains an interesting and well illustrated paper 

 upon Mountain Exploration by Edwin Swift Balch. 



5. The Mammals of Minnesota, by C. L. Herrick. Bulletin 

 No. V of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Minne- 

 sota, N. H. Winchell, State Geologist. 300 pp. 8vo. — This work 

 is a scientific and popular account of the features and habits of 

 the Mammals of the State, illustrated by several plates and a 

 number of woodcuts. The first of the plates is a fine colored 

 figure of the Geomys bursarius, or Pocket Gopher. A second 

 part of the work remains to be published devoted to the materials 

 collected on the anatomy, especially the myology and osteology, 

 of the State mammals. 



6. Ueber die Entwickelung der Theerfarben-Industrie von Dr. 

 Heinrich Caro. 151 pp. Berlin, 1893 (R. Friedlander & Sohn). 

 The Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft has recently issued in pam- 

 phlet form the interesting and exhaustive lecture upon the aniline 

 colors derived from coal tar, delivered before the Society by Dr. 

 Caro on the 22d of June, 1891. 



Annuaire Geologique Uuiverselle : Revue de Geologie et Paleontologie, by 

 Dr. L. Carez and H. Douville. The 4th fascicle of volume viii, year 1891, has 

 "been issued. 



Geological and Solar Climates : Their Causes and Variations : A Thesis ; by 

 Marsden Manson, C.E., University of California. 49 pp., 12mo, May, 1893. 



