326 0.0. Marsh — ^Restoration of Goryphodon. 



in the present restoration are constructed mainly from the 

 same specimen, and the position given in the original figure 

 has been essentially retained. The small size of the restora- 

 tion does not permit as accurate an exhibition of the structure 

 of the feet as could be desired, but the main features are 

 clearly shown. In this species, the pyramidal bone (cuneiform) 

 touches the fifth metacarpal, and helps to support it. as in 

 Dinoeeras, as already shown by the writer. This is the rule in 

 adult individuals of Goryphodon, but in young specimens, the 

 metacarpal facet on the pyramidal may be indistinct or even 

 wanting, as is sometimes the case with weathered specimens. 



The hind feet of Goryphodon were investigated by the 

 writer at the same time as the fore feet, and figure 2, Plate V, 

 of the left pes was published with figure 1, and is believed to 

 be equally accurate. Being a front view, it does not fully show 

 the relations to each other of the astragalus, calcaneum, and 

 cuboid, but the other elements are clearly exhibited. The 

 position first given to the figure is retained in the restoration 

 after a careful investigation of the whole posterior limbs in a 

 number of well-preserved specimens. These differ consid- 

 erably among themselves, but the essential structure is identi- 

 cal in all. The feet bones of some of these specimens are 

 very perfect, and their relations to each other cannot well be 

 misinterpreted. 



The accompanying Plate Y gives together the left fore and 

 hind feet of Goryphodon, Dinoceras, and Elephas, all seen 

 from in front. The feet of the three genera as exhibited 

 have many points in common, and their positions during life 

 were probably nearly the same. The feet of Goryphodon are 

 the oldest in point of time, but those of the elephant are in 

 some respects of a more primitive type. Those of Dinoceras 

 are much nearer to Goryphodon in their general structure, but 

 the points of resemblance need not be enumerated here. The 

 elephant, as well known, has all the toes of each foot enclosed 

 in a common integument, but is really digitigrade. In 

 Dinoceras, the terminal phalanges are much larger, showing 

 that they themselves bore a greater weight, the digits being 

 undoubtedly free, although a pad may have helped to support 

 the foot. In Goryphodon, the digits were still more elongate, 

 and the terminal phalanges proportionately larger and broader, 

 somewhat like those of the rhinoceros, indicating that they 

 were covered with hoofs that supported the feet. This would 

 agree with the position given them in the restoration, which 

 coincides with the anatomical structure of the entire hind limb. 



Vale University, New Haven, Conn., September 22, 1893. 



