Moraines with Raised Beaches of Lake Erie. 13 
low ridge of gravel. Upon passing eastward along the brow 
of the escarpment a morainic belt is soon entered which leads 
thence northwestward past Lockport, and which marks appar- 
ently the terminal accumulation of the ice lobe when it had 
withdrawn nearly to the limits of the Lake Ontario basin. 
This morainic line also is discussed as a probable correlative of 
the Crittenden beach and is called the Lockport moraine. 
Probable Correlative Moraines.—Uaving followed the Crit- 
tenden beach as far east as it is distinctly traceable and found 
its terminus to be closely associated with the western ends of a 
series of morainic ridges, we are prepared to consider these 
moraines briefly and to discuss the question whether they are 
the correlatives of this beach. 
The morainic belt which sets in near Alden between the 
outer and inner portion of the beach, leads eastward to the 
north end of the interlobate moraine already referred to as 
occupying the “ Water shed of Western New York” and 
which connects the moraines of the Finger Lake region with 
those of districts further west. It is so inferior to the great 
interlobate belt that it scarcely admits of tracing when com- 
bined with that belt. Later belts, also, become mingled with 
it in that district so that it forms a distinct belt only for a few 
miles. Its breadth is fully a mile except near its western 
terminus where it becomes more narrow. Its relief is 20-30 
feet above bordering plains. The surface is gently undulating 
with knolls 10-15 feet high. The knolls show a tendency to 
arrangement in chains or to ridging in line with the belt. For 
two or three miles from the western end a well defined and 
narrow crest is developed, but further east the crest becomes 
obscure though the general relief of the belt remains about the 
same. 
The western end of the till ridge presents features which 
are thought to indicate the combined infiuence of glacial and 
lacustrine agencies. The ridge is composed mainly of till 
except at its western end, but there for about a half-mile it 
becomes gravelly like the beach and it drops down to about 
the same altitude as the beach and if our aneroid readings are 
correct to a slightly lower altitude than the Alden beachlets. 
This gravelly portion differs from the beach in one important 
feature. It carries on its surface basins such as commonly 
occur on glacial deposits or on the overwash aprons outside of 
moraines. The basins are small, occupying usually but a few 
square rods, but they are several feet in depth. They occur 
both on the slopes and crest of the ridge. These features are 
thought to indicate that the ridge is a joint product of glacial 
and wave action. The gravel deposits may well be the result 
of wave action. The basins were perhaps produced by masses 
