Moraines with Raised Beaches of Lake Erie. 5 
sents no indications of wave action. The ice-sheet seems, 
therefore, to have been present here while the lake, west from 
Cleveland, was standing at the level of the Leipsic beach 
(about 200 feet above Lake Erie). We refer to our earlier 
paper for descriptions of the two moraines whose western 
termini are found to be near Cleveland. The replacement of 
beach phenomena by morainie, in passing to the east of Cleve- 
land, is a matter concerning which we express no doubt. The 
question is whether both the beaches are thus replaced, or only 
the upper one. Since continuous tracing is difficult, this may 
perhaps best be determined by a comparison of beaches in the 
two districts. In the district east from the city of Cleveland 
only two strong and well defined beaches appear above the 
present shore. One of these, the Crittenden, may be traced 
continuously through Cleveland and westward past the point 
where the beaches west of the Cuyahoga set in. There is no 
question as to its identification. We have, therefore, only to 
decide upon an equivalent for the Sheridan beach west from 
the Cuyahoga. By reference to the map of raised beaches 
west from Cleveland, prepared by Prof. A. A. Wright,* and 
the accompanying discussion by Dr. Newberry, it will be seen 
that there are but two important beaches above the Crittenden, 
one the “South Ridge,” standing about 200 feet above the | 
lake, the other the “ Middle Ridge,” standing about 155 feet 
above the lake throughout much of its course from the Ver- 
milion to Rocky river (the range being from 148 to 162 feet), 
but standing a few feet higher for a few miles between Rocky 
river and the Cuyahoga. There is also a local and inferior line 
appearing at an altitude of 135 feet above Lake Erie for a few 
miles in the Cuyahoga embayment. The upper beach or 
“South Ridge” is entirely too high to be connected with the 
Sheridan beach. But were the altitude of the portion of the 
“Middle Ridge” between Rocky and Cuyahoga rivers as low 
as the portion west from Rocky river, the entire “ Middle 
Ridge” system would be in excellent harmony with the Sheri- 
dan beach. The writer examined this portion of the beach in 
the spring of 1893, in company with Prof. H. P. Cushing, of 
Adelbert College. Our barometric determinations show the 
ridge to be slightly higher at the crossing of the C.C. C. & St. 
L. railway than farther west. This point by railway survey is 
only 170 feet above Lake Erie instead of 178 feet, as given on 
the map. We conclude that the map contains a slight inac- 
curacy and that this portion of the beach is, therefore, more 
nearly in harmony with the remainder of the “ Middle Ridge” 
and also with the Sheridan beach than the altitudes there pub- 
lished would indicate. The variation from the normal height 
* Geol. of Ohio, vol. ii, pp. 58, 59. 
