Keyes—Stratigraphy of the Kansas Coal Measures. 248 
show clearly that the thick limestone of Winterset may be 
regarded as the base of the ‘“ Upper” Coal Measures. Coastal 
sediments carrying workable seams continue up to this line. 
Above it, open-sea deposits abruptly replace the former, and 
the coal veins are almost entirely wanting. This is admirably 
shown in the sections along Middle river in central Iowa, where 
Tilton* has gone into details on the subject. In one direction 
the course of the outcrop of the great limestone of Winterset 
is northwestward from the typical locality. It passes from 
Madison county through Guthrie and soon is lost beneath the 
Cretaceous. In the opposite direction it has been traced south- 
ward to the southern boundary of Iowa. In Missouri it 
appears to be continued by what is known as the Bethany 
limestone, which sweeps southward and then southwestward in 
a, broad are into Kansas. At Kansas City it seems to be rep- 
resented by one of the principal beds exposed in the bluffs at 
that place. In Kansas Hawortht+ has just announced that he 
has traced what he calls the Erie or Triple limestone across the 
state in a southwesterly direction from Kansas City into Okla- 
homa territory ; and that he has correlated it with the Bethany 
limestone of Missouri. With the recognition of these facts 
the base of the Upper Coal Measures has been traced over 
all of the Western Interior coal basin. 
The appellation Bethany limestone for the basal forma- 
tion of the Upper Coal Measures may be extended somewhat, 
so as to include more than No. 78 of the Broadhead sec- 
tion in Missouri and may be made to cover several of the lime- 
stone beds above the layer to which the term Bethany Falls 
was originally applied, for the reason that these layers are sep- 
arated from the main bed only by thin, unimportant seams of 
shale. Thus it appears that the Winterset limestone of Lowa 
and the Erie limestone of Kansas are but extensions of the 
Bethany limestone of Missouri as now understood ; and as the 
latter was the first to be recognized and to receive a specific 
geographical name, it has priority and must therefore supplant 
the other terms proposed. 
* Towa Geol. Sur., iii, pp. 135-146; Des Moines, 1895. 
+ Kansas Univ. Quart., vol. iii, pp. 293; Lawrence, 1895. 
