268 Scientific Intelligence. 
is preserved, and the author has determined species referable to 
each of the four orders of siliceous sponges, viz: Monactinellida, 
Tetractinellidz, Lithistide and Hexactinellede. 
The geological horizon from which the fossils came is the 
‘‘phtanites de Lamballe” in the Phyllades de Saint-L6 of Bar- 
rois, near Lamballe, Brittany. The Radiolarians, previously 
described by the same author, were obtained from the same forma- 
tion. The specimens in: both cases were discovered by M. Ch. 
Barrvis. The author infers, from the evidence of breaking and 
wearing of the spicules before they were pyritized, that there 
were strong marine currents in the waters when the deposits were 
found, and therefore that the depth was not great during the depo- 
sitron of the phtanites. H. S. W. 
3. Grundztige der Paleontologie (Palewozodlogie) von Karu A. 
von ZITTEL, pp. i-vill and 1-971 and 2048 figures, 1895.—This is 
more than a condensation of the “ Handbuch” which has taken 
such a well deserved first place among treatises on Paleontology. 
The great progress in systematic zoology since the “ Handbuch ” 
was begun in 1876, is expressed in a thorough revision of the 
classification, p: :ticularly of the Invertebrates. As these changes 
are of much importance to all who use the book, the chief of them 
are here noted. 
Eight branches are recognized in the animal kingdom. The 
Vermes are given a separate place, and the Molluscoidea are 
separated from the Mollusca, as most zodlogists have done for the 
past twenty years. The Tunicates are not considered. 
In the branch Protozoa, Monera are no longer recognized and 
the fossil forms are distributed in the two orders Loraminifera 
and Ladiolaria of the class Rhizopoda. 
The Coelenterata are separated into the three sub-branches 
Porifera, including the class Spongia, and Cnidaria, with the 
two classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, and Ctenophora ; no fossil 
remains of the latter being reported. The four orders of Sponges 
which have a more or less siliceous framework are grouped together 
as Silicispongic. 
The class Anthozoa is entirely rearranged : Haeckel’s three 
sub-classes, Zetracorallia, Hexacorallia and Octocorallia are recog- 
nized. Madreporaria is subdivided into the three sub-orders of 
Edwards and Haime,—Aporosa, Perforata and, as an appendix, 
Tabulata, in which latter group are included the Favositide and 
associated forms, and the Chetetidc, which in the “ Handbuch ” 
were distributed with the Bryozoa. 
Haeckel’s three sub-branches of the Echinodermata are adopted, 
viz: Pelmatozoa (Crinoidea, Cystoidea and Blastoidea), Aséero- 
zoa (Ophiuroidea and Asteroidea) and Hchinozoa (Kchinoidea 
and Holothurioidea). 
Following the Wachsmuth and Springer classification, the 
Crinoids are distributed in the three orders Larviformia, Cama- 
rata and Fistulata. The Molluscoidea are recognized as a dis- 
tinct branch. The subdivisions of the Bryozoa are left substan- 
