Marsh— Restoration of Huropean Dinosaurs. 409 
Restorations of Huropean Dinosaurs. 
The restorations of Dinosaurs I have now to present to this 
section are four in number, and represent some of the best- 
known European forms, types of the genera Compsognathus, 
Scelidosaurus, LHypsilophodon, and Iguanodon. These out- 
line restorations have been prepared by me mainly for com- 
parison with the corresponding American forms, but in part 
to insure, so far as the present opportunity will allow, a more 
comprehensive review of the whole group. The specimens 
restored are all of great interest in themselves, and of special 
importance when compared with their nearest American allies. 
Compsognathus. (Plate V.) 
The first restoration, that of Compsognathus longipes, 
Wagener, 1861, shown natural size in the diagram (Plate V), is 
believed to represent fairly well the general form and natural 
position, when alive, of this diminutive carnivorous Dinosaur, 
that lived during the Jurassic period. The basis for this res- 
toration is (1) a careful study of the type specimen itself, 
made by me in Munich, in 1881; (2) an accurate cast of this 
specimen, sent to me by Prof. von Zittel; and (8) a careful 
drawing of the original made by Krapf, in 1887. The orig- 
inal description and figure of Wagner (Bavarian Academy of 
Sciences, 1861) and those of later authors have also been used 
for some of the details. No restoration of the skeleton of this 
unique Dinosaur has hitherto been attempted.* 
Compsognathus has been studied by so many anatomists of 
repute since its discovery, that any attempt to restore the skel- 
eton to a natural position will be scrutinized from various 
points of view. My interest in this unique specimen led me 
long ago to examine it with care, and I have since made a 
minute study of it, as related elsewhere, not merely to ascer- 
tain all I could about its anatomy, but also to learn, if possible, 
what its relations were to another diminutive form, Hallopus, 
from a lower horizon in America, which has been asserted to 
be a near ally. Both are carnivorous Dinosaurs, probably, but 
certainly on quite different lines of descent. 
The only previous attempt to restore this remarkable Dino- 
saur was by Huxley, when in America, in 1876. He made a 
rapid sketch from the Wagner figure, and I had this enlarged for 
his New York lecture. This sketch, reproduced on the dia- 
gram before you (figure 1), represents the animal sitting down, 
a position which such Dinosaurs occasionally assumed, as shown 
by the footprints in the Connecticut Valley, which Huxley 
examined in place at several localities with great interest. 
* The remains of the embryo within the skeleton of Compsognathus, first 
detected by me in 1881, while examining the type specimen, is not represented in 
the present restoration. This unique fossil affords the only known evidence that 
Dinosaurs were viviparous. 
