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Haworth —Stratigraphy of the Kansas Coal Measures, 459 
nosa,; Allorisma refleca; Allorisma subcuneata ; Aviculo- 
pecten carboniferus; Aviculopecten interliniatus ; Aviculo- 
pecten providencensis; Aviculopecten americana; Chaeno- 
mya leavenworthensis ; Conocardium obliquam, very rare; 
Hdmondia aspinwallensis; Edmondia ovata; Edmondia 
reflexa ; Macrodon carbonarius ; Monopteria gibbossa ; Mya- 
lina subquadrata; Myalina swallowi; Nucula parva ; 
Pinna paracuia; Pleurophorus oblongus ; Schizodus wheel- 
ert ; Solenopsis solenoides ; Bellerophon crassus ; Loxonema 
rugosum ; Naticopsis gigantia; Platyceras nebrascense ; 
Pleurotomaria broadheadi ; Pleurotomaria speciosa ; Pleu- 
rotomaria turbiniformis ; Peupa vitusta ; Conularia erus- 
tula; Goneatites lyoni; Nautilus occidentalis; Nautilus 
ponderosus ; ete. 
The Thayer Shales.*—Above the Erie limestone in the 
southern part of the state heavy shales occur which in Neosho, 
Wilson, and Montgomery counties reach a maximum thick- 
ness of over 200 feet, but which grow thinner northward until 
they become less than 30 feet in thickness. They are prominent 
from Chanute to the southwest and constitute the main mass 
of the bluffs along the Verdigris and Fall rivers from Bene- 
dict and Fredonia southward to beyond Independence. They 
have been passed through by every prospect well in this part 
of the state west of their outcropping, so that we know they 
extend many miles westward under the superimposed strata. 
They frequently grade into sandstone, so much so that many 
workable quarries of that rock are found here and there over 
the country. Ripple marks and other indications of shore 
deposits are frequently found in the sandstone and arenaceous 
shales. They also carry two or more seams of coal, which are 
- of considerable economic importance. 
The Lola Limestone.t—Above the Thayer shales is the Lola 
limestone system, the heaviest individual system in the whole 
Coal Measures of the state. Its outcropping is usually marked 
by a prominent escarpment, especially in the south, where the 
Thayer shales are so heavy. West of Elk City it is nearly 
100 feet thick, at Iola it is 40, to the northeast it grows 
thinner so that in places it is perhaps not over 20 feet 
thick, but in the vicinity of Olathe, particularly a few miles 
west, it is fully 50 feet thick, while at Kansas City, where it 
constitutes the heaviest limestone in the bluff, it is about 30 
feet thick. The borings at Lawrence and Topeka show that it 
is to be found in both of those localities with essentially undi- 
* These shales were called the Chanute shales by Haworth and Kirk. Kansas 
Univ. Quart., vol. ii, p. 109, Jan., 1894, but were changed to Thayer shales, Kan. 
Univ. Quart., vol, iii, p..276, April, 1895. 
+ Haworth and Kirk, Kan. Univ. Quart., vol. ii, p. 109, Jan., 1894, 
