Haworth—Stratigraphy of the Kansas Coal Measures. 461 
to be of much consequence in stratigraphy. Southward from 
Lawrence they become thinner, so that along the Neosho river 
and to the south they gradually lose their great importance. 
Northward they maintain their thickness much better. 
They vary greatly in character in different places. They 
carry a prominent coal seam, which is mined extensively in 
Franklin county and to a lesser extent elsewhere, especially in 
Douglas county and recently near Atchison. They carry a 
great deal of sandstone, but none of which is of a proper 
quality to be of much value economically. They are also 
particularly interesting on account of the large amount of 
arenaceous shales they have, almost all of which are filled with 
ripple marks and other indications of shore deposits. In fact 
from top to bottom they have such markings the. most abund- 
antly of any shales thus far passed. They also furnish excel- 
lently well preserved specimens of fossil coal plants. 
— The Oread Limestone.*—Above the Lawrence shales two 
limestones are found averaging about 15 feet deep and 
separated by about 20 feet of shale. They outcrop along 
the tops of the bluffs reaching from Leavenworth to considera- 
bly south of Garnett and take their name from Mount Oread 
at Lawrence. Westward they extend as far as any drill record 
has been obtainable. The upper one constitutes the main 
limestone in the bluff at Lecompton, and at Atchison. Each 
of the limestones is well filled with fossils, but particu- 
larly the upper one, from which forty-nine species were gath- 
ered in a few hours time at Lecompton. The following is a 
partial list: Husulina cylindrica; Cyathaxonia distorta ; 
Archiocidaris (?); Scaphicrionus {?); Chonetes 
granulifera ; Derbya bennetti ; Derbya broadheadi ; Meekella 
striatacostata; Orthis robusta; Productus semireticulatus ; 
Retzia mormoni, large variety; Syntrialasma hemiplicata ; 
Allorisma regularis; <Astartella (7); <Avicula longa ; 
Edmondia nebrascensis; Entolium avicula; Monoteria 
marian; Pleurotomaria bonharborensis; Nautilus sanga- 
monensis ; Paleocaris tipus. 
Osage City and Burlingame Shales.t~—Above the Oread 
limestones different shales and limestones occur, none of which 
are of special interest in this connection until about four hun- 
dred feet has been passed. Here, near Topeka, a deposit of 
coal has been found that has been mined considerably. From 
the record of the Topeka deep well we know that this coal is 
more than 2,000 feet above the base of the Coal Measures. 
Above this one hundred feet and west of Topeka seven mines 
is another coal mining locality. Investigation shows that this 
* Haworth, Kan. Univ. Quart., vol. ii, p. 123, Jan., 1894. 
+ Ibid., vol. iii, p. 278, April, 1895. 
