462 LHaworth—Stratigraphy of the Kansas Coal Measures. 
coal is in the same geologic horizon with that mined at Bur- 
lingame, Scranton, Osage City and numerous other places to 
the southwest, all of which may well be grouped under the 
name Osage coal, as the larger proportion of the mines are in 
Osage county. There are two heavy shale beds here, the one 
carrying the coal and the other lying above it constituting the 
main mass of the hills around Burlingame. As the two are 
separated by a limestone of considerable lateral extent, they 
have been named separately the Osage City shales and the 
Burlingame shales. Both shales carry considerable sandstone 
and present the customary gradation from shale to sandstone 
and the reverse. They also have many evidences of being 
shallow deposits, particularly the Burlingame shales, from which 
so many instances are known of the reptilian tracks in the 
shalv sandstone. Years ago Prof. Mudge shipped two or more 
car loads of the stone, principally to Yale University, from 
which Marsh* has identified the tracks as being produced by 
Nanopus candatus, and other reptiles. | 
The Waubaunsee Lormation.t — Above the Osage City 
shales we have a continuous succession of limestones and 
shales to the base of the Permian. Prosser has proposed that 
the whole group be called the Waubaunsee formation and 
would include within it the Burlingame shales above men- 
tioned. For the purpose of this article no details need be 
given. Prosser{ has already published an interesting descrip- 
tion of them, and the writer has contributed an article on the 
same subject.§ The whole formation is similar in general 
character to those below, only that there is a gradual transi- 
tion in physical properties of both the shales and the lime- 
stones. The shale beds become thinner and assume their 
peculiar lighter hue, which must be observed in connection 
with the shales below in order to be fully understood. Here 
and there throughout the whole of the Coal Measure beds of 
shale fully as light as those of the Wabaunsee formation occur, 
but they are interspersed with black bituminous shales, while 
the latter kind are rare above. The limestone also takes on a 
corresponding change. The beds are thinner than below, so 
that the alternations of limestone and shale are more frequent, 
but the proportion of limestone is growing less. A peculiar 
light buff color creeps in, so that the novice could readily dis- 
tinguish between a Waubaunsee limestone and one from below. 
On the accompanying map of Eastern Kansas the surface 
and outcropping of the more important limestone systems is 
* Marsh, this Journal, vol. xlviii, pp. 81-84, and Pls. II and III, 1894. See 
also Mudge, this Journal. vol. vi, 1873. 
+ Prosser, Journ. of Geol., vol. ili, p. 688, Oct., 1895. 
t Ibid , pp. 682-705. 
§ Haworth, Kan. Univ. Quart., vol. iii, pp. 271-290. 
