106 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 



The amount reported as consumed for pulp wood includes some balasm, 

 estimated at ten per cent. Of the 84 pulp mills in this State, three of 

 them use poplar almost exclusively. These three mills make a pulp which 

 is used in the manufacture of a high grade of paper needed for books and 

 magazines, and for which spruce is not available. In making calendered 

 paper a large proportion of rags is necessary, and poplar is the only species 

 of wood that can be used as a mixture with good results. 



In the classification of the product by localities the term " Farming 

 counties," includes the entire State outside the twelve Adirondack and 

 four Catskill counties. 



The term " roundwood " includes not only logs, but also the largest 

 of the round branches which are used in the manufacture of wood alcohol, 

 furniture, excelsior, and for fuel in brick kilns. As the material for these 

 industries is to a large extent cut into four-foot lengths the mills make 

 their returns in cords instead of logs, and it is impossible to separate the 

 smaller wood from the logs. 



The amount of shingles reported are made from logs cut, or set apart 

 at saw mills, for this purpose. Shingle makers estimate that one thousand 

 feet of logs will make from 8,000 to 10,000 shingles, the estimate varying 

 according to the quality of the logs, and the length of the shingles — sixteen 

 or eighteen inches. The figures given for the total output may therefore 

 be increased accordingly. A large proportion of the shingles made in the 

 Adirondack counties are cedar, and this fact should be noted in connection 

 with the classification by species. 



The term hardwoods used in these statistics includes several of the 

 broad leaved or deciduous species. Thus far we have omitted any sub- 

 classification under this general head because many of the mills had not 

 kept any such record of their hardwood logs. Some of the mill owners 

 intimated that they did not want to be bothered by attempting a further 

 addition to their returns, and as their responses to our requests for infor- 

 mation are entirely gratuitous, it did not seem advisable to press the matter. 

 We are able, however, to arrive approximately at the proportion of species 

 embraced under the reports of hardwoods from our knowledge of the stand- 

 ing timber and forest composition in the localities whence these mills obtain 

 their logs. The hardwoods cut by the Adirondack mills are confined to 



