184 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 



Spring Harbor station in recent years. On July 16, when at a depth of 81 

 feet, the well flowed about 50 gallons per minute. When six inches deeper 

 it furnished about 200 gallons a minute, at a temperature of 50 degrees, 

 and has remained constant at that maximum to the present time. The 

 diameter of the well is six inches, and its construction cost $4.50 per foot. 



The water was found to be excellent for fish transportation, and after 

 it had been running into the ponds, the growth of fungus was stopped. 



Cold Spring Harbor is more than a trout station. It is a very impor- 

 tant establishment for the culture of marine animals, such as the smelt, 

 cod, torn cod, weakfish, flatfish, and lobster. Through its operation the 

 shores of Long Island have been thoroughly stocked with smelt and torn 

 cod very greatly to the delight of the anglers, and with beneficial effect 

 upon the supply of food fish. A few inexpensive changes which the Com- 

 missioner has authorized recently will permit an enormous increase of 

 activity at Cold Spring Harbor, especially with regard to marine species 

 like the cod, weakfish, flatfish, and lobster. Some of these species require 

 special apparatus which would be maintained and operated. Already the 

 station is credited with about 105,000,000 of marine fry annually, besides 

 the other work based upon brook trout, rainbow trout, brown trout and 

 other well-known game fishes. The introduction of an increased amount 

 of spring water will enable Foreman Walters to use this water not only in 

 the hatchery, but also in all the numerous ponds of the station, and the 

 effect will be to eradicate some of the most troublesome diseases which 

 have ever attacked brook trout and brown trout under cultivation. Some 

 of the trout streams on the north shore of Long Island are polluted by 

 sewage. One of the results of this pollution is a skin disease particularly 

 fatal to brook and brown trout. Another pest is the ulcer disease, referred 

 to in the account of fish diseases. So injurious have these disorders become 

 at certain times that tens of thousands of large trout have been killed by 

 them. At Cold Spring Harbor, thanks to the new supply of artesian 

 water, the troubles have been practically overcome. 



Oneida Hatchery. 



Early in the year 1906, the Commissioner directed me to investigate 

 the condition and needs of the Oneida station. As a result of this instruc- 



