260 TENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 



Liver. — Weight, 1,100 gramms. Dark slaty-green in color. Within 

 the substance of the liver are one large (6 to 8 cm. in diameter) and two 

 smaller (2 to 3 cm. in diameter) cavities with irregular outlines and gallery- 

 like extensions into surrounding liver tissue. These cavities contain a 

 dark-colored grumous material and twenty-one flukes. The larger cavity 

 is situated near the upper surface of the right lobe, adjacent to the dia- 

 phragm and vena cava, and the smaller cavities near the centers of the 

 right and left lobes. 

 Bacteriological Examination . — 



Negative. 

 Histological Examination . — 



Same general conditions as in Deer No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3. 

 Pathologic Diagnosis. — 



Extreme emaciation. 



Fluke disease of liver. 



Localized chronic hepatitis. 



Pigmentation of spleen. 



Summary.- — From the above descriptions it will be seen that death 

 did not result from an acute bacterial infection as a careful bacteriological 

 examination of each animal was negative. The suggestion in regard to 

 foot-and-mouth disease has not been confirmed. No lesions of tuberculosis 

 existed. 



The constant and prominent features are (1) extreme emaciation, 

 and (2) fluke disease of the liver. The first, indicative of malnutrition, 

 points to starvation as the cause of death. Opposed to this, however, 

 we have the knowledge that in each animal, the stomach and intestines 

 contained, respectively, a comparatively large amount of food and faeces. 

 If death was due to starvation, we must assume that the material eaten 

 possessed insufficient nutritive value. It is to be regretted that a more 

 thorough examination of this material was not made. The whole twigs 

 examined appeared to be hemlock and spruce. (A sample of these I inclose 

 for inspection.) 



From the evidence of guides, hunters, and others it is evident that 

 fluke disease of* the deer is a common, if not constant condition, and that 

 this lesion alone is apparently insufficient to account for death. On the 

 other hand it is possible that this infection with the great degree of blood 

 destruction accompanying it, might in connection with the insufficient 

 food supply of winter, lead to considerable fatality. Histological examina- 

 tion of the liver of each animal shows marked chronic inflammation, while 

 the spleen of each exhibits evidence of extensive blood destruction. I am, 



