FOREST MANAGEMENT. 315 



3. That the logging expenses per 1,000 feet b. m., are small where 



the stumpage is heavy: 



4. That investments for roads and other permanent improvements, 



per 1,000 feet b. m., are relatively small in well stocked forests; 



5. That the fertility of forest soil suffers under a loose canopy over- 



head. 

 The main sylvicultural measures leading to a normal increment are: 

 Weeding. 



Improvement cutting. 

 Thinning. 

 Afforestation. 

 Reinforcing. 



Financial Considerations 



Three kinds of increment compose the latent gross revenue obtainable 

 from any wood which is left to itself or which is placed under forestal care : 



1. The quantity increment, depending solely on the amount of wood 

 fibre formed. 



2. The quality increment, depending solely on the difference of price 

 shown in the same year by logs of different diameters, per unit of contents. 



3. The price increment, depending solely on the difference of value 

 which the same log will exhibit in different years. This latter increment 

 is influenced by increase of population and wealth, cheapened facilities of 

 transportation, exhaustion of the virgin woods, and declining purchasing 

 power of gold. 



As an illustration of price increment, the following figures may be 

 of interest: 



Wholesale Price of Yellow Poplar, 4-4 Lumber, at Biltmore, N. C 



OCA LI 7 







saps. 

 C. 1 

 C. 2 



IX 1896. 





IX 1 



907. 



S2I 00 



S43 



OO 



-S5200 



16 00 







33 °° 



I 2 OO 







28 OO 



6 50 







16 OO 



* An abbreviation for " firsts and seconds." 



