ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATION OF TIMBER. 353 



Impregnation ti)e §e^f Aetfyod 



As remarked above, none of these expedients is comparable with 



impregnation; and the latter method, in this country, is almost exclusively 



in use. Nails, metallic sheathings, and the retaining of the bark upon 



piles, have been liberally tested, but in almost every case impregnation 



inally resorted to. 



In the United States most of the large impregnating plants are located 

 in the Southwest. Inquiry of the Forest Service, Department of Agri- 

 culture, elicited the fact that there are but six such plants in the Eastern 

 States. They are: 



Eppinger & Russell Company. Long Island City, N. Y. (Creosoting.) 

 Atlantic Creosoting and Wood Preserving Company. Norfolk, Va. 



(Creosoting.) 

 Norfolk Creosoting Company. Norfolk, Va. 



Wyckoff Pipe and Creosoting Company, Portsmouth, Va. (Creosoting.) 

 Otis Allen & Son. Lowell, Mass. (Kyanizing.) 

 United States Wood Preserving Company. Perth Amboy, N. J. 



(Creosoting.) 



It will be noticed that of the six firms mentioned five impregnate 

 with creosote, while but one impregnates with a salt (Kyanizing, a process 

 invented, patented and applied in England by John Howard Kyan, and in 

 use since 1832 — in this country since 1840). This is a fair indication of 

 the relative popularity of the two methods, and it is not disputed that, 

 at the present time at least, the creosoting process is the one taken most 

 seriously by the majority of engineers and builders. 



I sent for and obtained the literature issued by all of the Eastern 

 plants, and made four visits to the works of Eppinger & Russell, in Long 

 Island City. An examination of the advertising matter sent out by the 

 five creosoting establishments indicates that, in the main, their methods 

 of treatment do not vary, so that a description of the plant and process 

 of the Eppinger & Russell Company, which claims to be the largest concern 

 of its kind in the world, will amount practically to a description of the 

 wood preserving process in greatest favor among engineers in this coun- 



