DIFFICULTIES IN FISH CULTURE. 361 



such locations are few and far between. When found the water is to be 

 taken off laterally into a hatchery or into ponds secured against injury 

 from freshets. It is rather difficult to find just the right conditions for 

 successful work, and the difficulty is too often increased by the importuni- 

 ties of persons who have some private interests to advance in the selection 

 of a site, and who bring to bear influences which are entirely foreign to a 

 proper fish cultural policy. 



The use of good streams by mills is often prejudicial to success in fish 

 culture, as they take nearly all the flow for hours at a time, and thus reduce 

 the water which would be available for hatcheries and ponds. The State 

 or other owner of a fish-breeding establishment should own or control all 

 of the stream required for its work, or at least the headwaters. 



Transportation Cans Causing fosses 



Because of the presence of solder, acid, paint, or some other substance 

 injurious to fish life many fish die in transportation. An article on the 

 subject was published by Mr. M. C. Marsh of the United States Fisheries 

 Bureau. 



Carrying lumps of ice in the cans often causes death of fish, and dipping 

 water to let it fall through the air into cans is often very injurious, especially 

 in the case of young fry. 



The form and size of the can are important factors in satisfactory 

 transportation, but maintaining an even temperature of the water during 

 travel is still more important. Is frequent aeration of water in transit after 

 all as helpful as some suppose, and is it not sometimes unnecessary and 

 harmful? Minnows have been kept over night without change of water 

 and with no aeration, but in a proper temperature and without loss. The 

 same minnows when exposed to air next day died off rapidly. This was 

 an experiment by Mr. Whipple at Upper Saranac, N. Y. 



Defective Car Service 



A modern fish car with its numerous appliances for control of temper- 

 ature, aeration, circulation, of water and comfort of its crew is a great aid 



