30 



as soon as attacked has decidedly reduced the number of new 

 cases as compared with adjoinining groves similar in all 

 respects, but where the diseased trees were allowed to remain. 

 In peach yellows the prompt extirpation of cases as they 

 appear is the only known way of preventing the spread of the 

 disease. 



In replanting, goodsized trees are preferable to small trees, 

 as the latter are liable to be overshadowed and starved out by 

 the large trees surrounding them. The diseased trees when 

 dug out can be either hauled away and burned, or better cut 

 up and burned on the spot, thus avoiding any possibility of 

 spreading the disease through the grove. It has been abun- 

 dantly proved that trees planted where blighted ones have 

 stood, are not more likely to contract the malady than any 

 other in the vicinity, and in no case are they liable to blight 

 before they begin to bear. 



The practice here recommended of extirpating all cases as 

 they appear is now largely followed by those who have had the 

 most experience with blight and who know the uselessness of 

 supposed remedial treatments. In all badly infected regions 

 concerted action is highly desirable, but even if this cannot be 

 secured the grower should not be deterred from eradicating the 

 diseased trees from his own grove. Aside from the fact that 

 such a course probably lessens the spread of the malady, it is 

 the cheapest and best policy. 



Die-Back or Exanthema (4). 



The disease of the orange and other citrus fruits, commonly 

 known as die-back, is widely distributed throughout the orange 

 region of Florida, but is not known to occur in any other 

 part of the world. The name " die-back " originated from the 

 behaviour of trees affected, a few inches of the vigorous new 

 growth die back in early spring. The disease is not much 

 feared by growers, because it is apparently not contagious ; but 

 while the damage it causes in a single grove may be slight, the 

 total loss, on account of its very wide spread occurrence, is 

 nearly as great as that resulting from any other disease affect- 

 ing the orange. The malady is well known to most orange 

 growers, but is generally poorly understood. It was first 

 accurately described by J. H. Fowler (5) in 1875. When and 



(4) From the Greek, meaning an eruption or pustule. 



(5) Fowler, J. H. On the Die-back in Orange Trees (Proceedings of the 

 Florida Fruit Growers' Association, Annual Meeting, January, 1875 ; 

 reprinted ; Florida, its Scenery, Climate, and History, Sidney Lanier, 

 1876, J. B. Lippincott & Co., Phil., Appendix, p.p. 281—290. 



