1038 INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 



1007. Grunella vulgaris, Linn., h.f.b.i., iv. 670. 



Vern. — Ustakhadus (Pb. and Sind.) 



Habitat. — Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Bliotan ; 

 Khasia Hills, Nilgiris and Travancore, and hilly districts 

 throughout India. 



A thinly hairy erect or ascending perennial herb, 4-12in. 

 Rootstook creeping. Leaves l-3in., upper sessile, the rest 

 petioled, ovate or oblong, pinnatifid entire or toothed, acute or 

 obtuse. Flowers f-f in. long, violet-purple, in whorls of 6, 

 crowded in erect, terminal spikes. Floral leaves bract-like, hairy, 

 purple margined, broadly ovate acute overlapping. Calyx 

 tinged with purple, bell-shaped, 2-lipped ; upper lip broad, 3- 

 toothed ; lower deeply 2-lobed ; mouth closed after flowering 

 time. Corolla-tube broad, slightly longer than the Calyx ; limb 

 2-lipped ; upper lip erect, wood-like, notched, lower spreading 

 3-lobed, mid-lobe largest, minutely toothed. Stamens 4, in 

 unequal pair ascending under the upper lip ; filaments bearing 

 a small tooth below the anthers (Collett). " Corolla purple or 

 white i-fin." (J. D. Hooker). 



Uses. — Regarded by the Punjab Himalayan hill tribes as 

 expectorant and antispasmodic. (Stewart). The green leaves 

 smeared with castor oil and warmed over the fire applied 

 externally to the anus in cases of painful piles. 



1008. Carrubium vulgare, Linn., h.f.b.i., iv. 671. 



Habitat. — Western Temperate Himalaya ; and Kashmir. 



A perennial tall robust shortly woolly herb. Stem 2-4ft., 

 leafy. Leaves ovate or orbicular, crenate, rugose, J-lJin. diam., 

 base rounded or cordate or cuneate, leathery, wrinkled. Petiole 

 ip Jin. Whorls depressed, villous, axillary, many and dense-fid. 

 Flowers small. Calyx J-J coriaceous. Calyx-teeth 10, subulate, 

 spreading and re-curved at the lip, throat woolly ; corolla Jin., 

 white, tube slender, upper lip long, 2-fid. Nutlets l/12in., smooth. 



Uses : — It is a well known old domestic remedy for coughs and 

 other pectoral complaints, but is now seldom used in medicine by 

 regular practitioners. In large doses it acts as a laxative and 

 diuretic ; in small doses, as a tonic and stimulant. An infusion 



