N. 0. AMARArPACGE. 1001 



(Trans-Indus); Kapur-madhura (Mar.); Sirru-piilay vayr (Tam.); 

 Pin die-con da (Tel.). 



Habitat : — Plains of Bengal, from Dacca and Behar west- 

 ward to the Indus. The Concan, Central India and through- 

 out the Deccan. 



A very common perennial weed, often woody at base. Stems 

 erector prostrate, numerous, long, witli slender branches, cylin- 

 dric, more or less cottony hairy. Leaves alternate, numerous, 

 l-ljin. on main stem, much smaller, if in., on branches, oval or 

 spathulate-oval, tapering at base, rounded or sub-acute at apex, 

 entire, finely hairy-pubescent above, more or less white with 

 cottony hair beneath. Petiole short, obscure. Flowers very 

 small, sessile, often bisexual, greenish white, in very small, 

 dense, sessile axillary heads or spikes. Bracts shorter than 

 sepals, ovate, obtuse, with membranous margins woolly with long 

 white hairs outside. Stigmas 2, very short. 



Uses : — The flowering tops of the above two species are offici- 

 nal, and the roots are used in the treatment of headache, and by 

 the natives of the Malabar Coast are regarded as demulcent. 



1039. Aehyranthes aspera, Linn., h.f.b.i., iv. 

 730 ; Roxb. 226. 



Sans. : — Apamarga, aghata, apangaka. 



Vern. :— -Apang (Beng. and Ass.) ; Latjira, chirchira, chirchitta 

 (H.) ; Aghada (Bom. and Mali.) ; Uttareni. antisha, apa margamu 

 (Tel.); Nayurivi (Tam.) ; Kutri, phut kanda (Gujrat) ; Katalati 

 (Mai.); Utrani-gida uttarane (Kan.) ; Aghedo (Gnj.) ; Margia 

 (Sind.) 



Eng. :— The Prickly Chaff-flower. 



Habitat :— A shrub found all over India, ascending to 

 3,000 ft. 



Annual herbs. 'Stems l-2ft., erect, stiff, with long spreading 

 branches thickened above nodes, striate, pubescent. Leaves few, 

 usually thick, leathery, broadly ovate or orbicular, 3-5 by 2-3in., 

 tapering to base, usually rounded, on short petioles, sometimes 

 acute, or apex entire, but often' very undulate, very finely and 



