N, 0. EUPH011BIACE/E. 1167 



base narrowed acute obtuse ; Basal nerves 3, midrib penninerved. 

 Petiole l-3in. Flowers small, dioecious in terminal often 

 panicled brown brick-red still spikes. Calyx 3-cleft. Petals 

 distinct, and globose. Female flowers solitary. Ovary 3-celled. 

 Cells 1-ovuled. Styles 3, papillose inside. Fruit 3-lobed, Cap- 

 sules loculicidally 3-valved i-Jin. diam., densely covered with 

 a bright red or crimson powder when ripe. " The bright red or 

 crimson powder consists of resin mixed with stellate hairs." 

 (Brandis). Seeds globose, smooth, black. 



Uses: — The powder prepared from the tricoccous fruit is 

 used as an anthelmintic, vermifuge and purgative medicine. 

 It is also said to possess cathartic properties. 



Rottlerin, C n H 10 3 , the principal constituent of Kamala, crystallises in 

 thin, salmon-coloured plates melting at 191-191-5°. When heated with caustic 

 potash at 150°, it yields benzoic acid, acetic acid, and an amorphous sub- 

 stance, and when oxidised by means of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solution 

 the same compounds are obtained. On treatment with cold nitric acid 

 (sp. gr. 1*5 ', rottlerin yields, besides oxalic acid, two new acids melting at 

 282° and 226,° and having respectively the formulae C 17 H l4 9 , and C 17 H itJ 9 . 

 These are readily separated by recrystallisation from alcohol. Boiling nitric 

 acid of sp. gr. 1*5 decomposes rottlerin, forming oxalic acid and a bibasic 

 acid of the formula C 13 H 10 9 , melting at 232°, and yielding a crystalline 

 silver salt, C l3 H 3 9 Ag 2 . When heated with acetic anhydride, rottlerin 

 yields a diacetyl derivative of the formula C n H 8 3 (C 2 H 3 2 ). The mole- 

 cular weight of rottlerin has not yet been satisfactorily determined, but pro- 

 bably about 485. 



The resin of low melting point agrees with the formula C l2 H 12 3 . 

 It resembles rottlerin, from which its formula differs by CH 2 . 



The yellow crystalline colouring matter obtained in the first extractions 

 of Kamala with carbon bisulphide is closely allied to rottlerin. It forms a 

 beautiful, glistening mass of yellow needles, and melts at 192-193°. 



The wax extracted gave as a mean C=79' 70 p.c., H= 12*86 p.c, agree- 

 ing with the formula C 23 H 54 2 . This wax is a colourless, apparently crystal- 

 line mass melting at 82°, 



Irorottlerin C 12 H 12 5 , crystallises in groups of minute plates melting 

 at 198 199°, and in its appearance greatly resembles rottlerin, from which, 

 however, it is readily distinguished by being practically insoluble in carbon 

 bisulphide, chloroform, and benzene, whereas rottlerin is comparatively 

 soluble in these liquids. 



The resin of high melting point is a pale yellow, amorphous substance 

 of the formula C 13 H 12 4 , closely allied to rottlerin in many of its properties, 

 and which also yields the acid of the formula C 13 H l0 9 when boiled with 

 nitric acid of sp. gr. 1*5. 



