N. 0. URTICACE2E. 1191 



length of blade 4-6in. of which the acuminate apex forms only 

 about one ; petioles 2'5 to 3'5in. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 

 from i to lin. long ; receptacles sessile, in pair in axils of 

 leaves or of leaf scars, globular, smooth when young, whitish 

 with dark spots, when ripe nearly black ; 5in. across ; basal 

 bracts 3, rotund, small. Male flowers few, and Gnly near mouth 

 of the receptacle, the perianth of 3 spathulate pieces, anther 

 single, on a filament about as long as itself ; gall and female 

 flowers with perianth of 3 lanceolate pieces ; the gall ovary, 

 smooth and usually ovoid ; achene minutely tubercled, mucil- 

 aginous ; style in both elongate, stigma clavate. (King.) 



Uses: — The Santals use the fruit as a drug. The juice is 

 used in the Concan to kill worms and is given internally with 

 -turmeric, pepper and ghi, in pills, the size of a pea, for the 

 relief of asthma ; it causes vomiting. The juice is also burned 

 in a closed vessel, with the flowers of mudar and 4 gunjas weight 

 of the ashes mixed with honey, is given for the same purpose. 

 (Dymock.) 



1180. F. religiosa, Linn., h.f.b.l, v. 513 ; Roxb. 

 642. 



Sans. : — Aswaththam. 



Vern. :— Pipal (H.) ; Ashathwa, (B.) ; Hesar, pipar (Kol.) ; 

 Hesak (Santal) ; Jari (Uriya) ; Bor-bur (Kachar) ; Pipli (Nepal) ; 

 Ali (Gond.) ; Pipri (Korku) ; Pipal, bor (Pb.) ; Pimpala (Mar.) ; 

 Pipul (Guz.) ; Arasa ; Aswartham (Tarn.) ; Rai, raiga, ragi, ravi 

 or kulla ravi (Tel.) ; Rangi, basri, arali, arle, haspath, ragi, 

 asvalta (Kan J 



Habitat ' — Wild in the Sub-Himalayan forests, in Bengal 

 and in Central India. 



A large, glabrous, usually epiphytic tree. Bark grey, nearly 

 iin. thick, exfoliating in rounded, irregular flakes of varying 

 size, often leaving rounded depressions. Wood greyish-white, 

 moderately hard ; having narrow bands of soft tissue, which 

 alternate with broader bands of firmer substance. Pores 

 moderate-sized and large, often sub-divided, rather scanty. 



