H94 INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 



long, secondary nerves 8-10 pair, the lowest pair from the base. 

 Fruit sessile or shortly peduncled, J-iin. diam., basal bracts 

 minute. 



Uses :— The bark of this, along with the barks of other four 

 species of Ficus and of Melia azadirachta, pass by the name of 

 Panchavalkala (or the five barks) ; they are used in combina- 

 tion. A decoction is much employed as a gargle in salivation, 

 as a wash for ulcers, and as an injection in leucorrhoea. 

 (Watt.; 



1182. F. heterophylla, Linn., h.f.b.l, v. 518, 

 Roxb. 637, 638. 



Sans. : — Trayamana. 



Vern. :— Gaori-shiora, balabahula, balalala ghoti-suara, bhui- 

 dumur, ballam dumiir (B.) ; Pakhur (H.) ; Datri (Mar) ; Buroni 

 (Tel.) ; Valli-teragam (Mai.). 



Habitat :~ Throughout the hotter parts of India, near water, 

 from the Gangetic Plain eastwards and southwards to Perak 

 and Ceylon. 



A shrub sometimes creeping on the ground or over rocks, 

 with short, pubescent stem and branches, the leaves very vari- 

 able, scabrid. Leaves petiolate, memberanous ; general outline 

 usually more or less ovate-elliptic, but varying from elongate- 

 lanceolate to ovate or ovate-round, often irregularly 3 to many- 

 lobed, with the apex more or Jess acuminate, the edges irregu- 

 larly and coarsely dentate or dentate-repand ; the base blunt, 

 rounded, or cordate, 3-to-5 nerved ; both surfaces scabrous, and 

 covered with short, stiff hairs ; lateral nerves from 4-8 pair ac- 

 cording to the length of the leaf (in the much-lobed leaves the 

 nervation is palmate) ; length of blade 2 to 4in., petioles varying 

 from 5 to 2-5in.; stipules 2 to each leaf scarious, ovate, glabrous 

 or nearly so, 3 to 4in. long. Receptacles on peduncles of 

 varying length, solitary, axillary, spherial to elongated-pyriform, 

 always with a more or less prominent mammillate umbilicus 

 which is but imperfectly closed by bracts, more or less hispid, 

 scabrid, and sometimes verrucose when young ; when ripe nearly 

 smooth, dark-orange, 4 to lin. long ; basal bracts minute, 

 triangular, glabrous (in the much elongated forms appearing 



