1232 INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS 



koto (Nepal) ; Gniet (Lepcha) ; Teadong (Bhutia) ; Kolan, chir, 

 salla, sapin, kolon, kolain, seed = kalglioza, chalhatti (U.P.) ; 

 Dhup (Oudh); Chir, salla, sapin, kolon, kolan, kolais (Knmaon); 

 Salla, sari (Kashmir) ; Chir chil, drab chir, nashtar, nakhtar, 

 ranzuru, gula, thansa, anandar, saral, oleo-resin = ganda-biroza, 

 purified oleo-resin = biroza, sat-biroza (Pb.) ; Nashtar, nakhtar 

 Pushtu); oleo-resin = Gandah-birozah (Bomb.) ; 01eo-resin = 

 Birozeh (Pers.). 



Habitat :— Drier Himalayan slopes, from 2,000 to 7,000 feet 

 above sea level. 



A large, more or less deciduous tree, eminently gregarious, 

 attaining 100-110ft., but often stunted and gnarled. Trunk 

 usually naked, rarely 12ft. girth. Bark l-2in. thick, reddish- 

 brown outside, dark-red within, cut by deep fissure into large 

 plates of irregular size, but more or less rounded and on an 

 average about 6in. across. Wood moderately hard ; sap wood 

 white ; heartwood light reddish-brown. (Gamble.) Branches 

 symmetrically whorled, high up the trunk, forming a rounded 

 head of light foliage. Leaves 9-1 2in. long, slender, nearly 

 triquetrous ; sheath ^-lin. long, greyish-brown, imbriate, persis- 

 tent. Male catkins f-^in. long, cylindric ; cones on short stiff 

 stalks, spreading or recurved, solitary or in whorls of 2-5, 4-8in. 

 long, diam. 3-5in. ; scales 1-2 by §in. ; beak thick, pyramidal, 

 pointed and somewhat recurved. Seeds oblong, -lin. long, 

 with the unequal-sided, thin, membranous wing, which latter is 

 rather longer than seed. Cotyledons about 12. 



Uses : — The people of Upper India obtain from it tar and 

 turpentine. The former is said to be equal to that obtained by 

 a more refined process in Europe ; and the turpentine is stated 

 merely to require attention to render it equal to the imported 

 article. Dr. Hugh Cleghorn (Jour. Agri.-Hort Soe. of India, 

 1865, vol. xiv., p. i., App. p. 7) speaks of the product being of a 

 superior description, equal, in fact, to Swedish tar. In an 

 economical point of view, this subject may be worthy of atten- 

 tion. (Ph. Ind.).* 



* Mr. Puran Singh (Tnd. For Rec. IV. Part 1) is of opinion that the oil 

 distilled from Pinus longifolia is not of the same quality as the resins of 



