n. o. conifer 1233 



Internally, the resin is used as a stomachic and externally as 

 a plaster, and is applied to buboes and abscesses for suppura- 

 tion. The wood is considered stimulant, diaphoretic and 

 useful in burning of the body, cough, fainting and ulcerations. 



" The resin is stimulant both externally and internally. 

 Internally, it acts chiefly on the mucous membrane of the genito- 

 urinary organs, and is, therefore, a very good remedy for 

 gonorrhoea. I have used it with success in many cases of this 

 disease, and in a few, with decided benefit, after the failure of 

 copaiba, cubebs, gurjan balsam and turpentine. Dose : from 

 one to three drachms in emulsion with mucilage, four times in 

 24 hours. As it is very thick, it requires to be mixed well 

 and gradually with the mucilage." (Moodeen Sheriff.) 



The resin oil forms a white, rather tough, opaque mass and has a granular 

 structure which is probably due to partial crystallisation of the resin acid. 

 Its odor is extremely pleasant and somewhat resembles that of limestone. 

 It has a Sp. Gr. 0*990, [a]D-7°42', acid number 129, ester number 11, and 

 saponification number 140. When distilled with steam, it yields about 18*5 

 per cent, of a volatile oil, which has the characteristic odour of pinene and a 

 somewhat fainter odour of limonene. The oil has a sp. gr. 0'866 and [a]D+2°48'. 

 When fractionally distilled, it yields (1) 56 per cent, of a liquid which boils 

 at 165-170° and has [a] D -2°; (2)20 per cent, which boils at 170-175° and 

 has [a] D 4-2°48'; (3) 9 per cent, which boils at 175-180° and has [ci] D -f 6°50' ; 

 and (4) 15 per cent, which boils at 180° and above and has [a]u 1 80° 12'. The 

 oil probably contains I -pinene together with a small quantity of d- limonene. 

 The presence of pinene was detected in the first fraction by means of 

 amyl nitrite, but a crystalline nitroso-chloride was not isolated. Attempts 

 to prepare the hydro-chloride and bromine additive compound also failed. 

 The white, crumbly resin which remains after distilling the oil has acid 

 number 142, ester number 13, and saponification number 155 ; a 10 per cent, 

 solution in a 100 mm. tube has aD=t°10'. Crystals of a resin acid melting 



P. Khasya, P. Merkussi and P. excelsa. The oil from this species, owing to 

 its different chemical composition cannot come up to the American and 

 French oils consisting mostly of pinene, but if prepared by adopting better 

 methods of distillation, it is better than the Russian turpentin oil and is 

 not inferior to the American oil when used for paints, varnishes, &c. 



According to Messrs Morrison & Co., who examined» and reported on, a 

 sample of oil distilled by Mr. Ferrnandez at ^ainital the results of its applica- 

 tion in cases of rheumatism were as good as those obtained with French oil. 



This species is not only abundant in its natural habitat, but has been 

 planted more or less successfully in various Indian plain stations, even in 

 Calcutta. Mr. R. 8. Troup has recently published in the Indian Forest 

 Memoirs, the results of his sylvicultural study of this plaint. 



155 



