U. o. liliaoe^:. 1295 



distilling the bruised bulbs. When purified, this oil is colour- 

 less, and may be distilled without decomposition. When garlic 

 has been eaten, the odour of this oil may be detected in the 

 various secretions of the body. Regarded by some as an an- 

 thelmintic. 



Mixed with vinegar it is used as an astringent in relaxed 



sore-throat and relaxation of the vocal cords. It is also used 



in asthma, general paralysis, facial paralysis, gout and sciatica, 



much thought of in the treatment of flatulent colic. Supposed 



to prevent the hair turning grey when applied externally. 



(Dr. Emerson.) It is resolvent in indolent tumors. Is largely 



used as a liniment in infantile convulsions and other nervous 



and spasmodic affections. It is also frequently used as a 



poultice in retention of urine from debility of the bladder. 



Garlics were found to yield 0'09 per cent, of their weight of a yellow- 

 coloured, optically inactive, essential oil, which has the well-known intense 

 odour ; its sp. gr. at 14*5° is 10525. It deposits a small quantity of crystals 

 when cooled in a freezing mixture, does not contain oxygen, and decomposes 

 when heated at 150°. The oil was fractionally distilled under a pressure of 

 16 mm. 



Fraction 1 (6 per cent.) consists of allylpropyl bisulphide, C 3 H 5 S. S. Pr., 

 a bright-yellow oil of sp.gr. 1'0231 at 15°, boiling at 66-69° (16 mm.), and 

 having the odour of onions ; it gives voluminous precipitates with mercuric 

 and auric chlorides, which are sparingly soluble in alcohol, and when treated 

 with zinc-dust at 130°, yields a compound, C 6 H 12 S. It is decomposed by 

 oxidising agents with the production of carbonic anhydride, oxalic acid, 

 propionic and lower fatty acids, and sulphuric acid. 



Fraction 2 (60 per cent.) is diallyl bisulphide, S 2 (C 3 H s ) 2 , a light-yellow 

 oil, having the odour of garlic ; it is rendered colourless by distilling with a 

 little potassium when it passes over at 78-80" (16 mm.). It has a sp. gr. at 

 14'8°=r0237 and, on reduction with zinc-dust, yields a compound, C - H 10 S, 

 which boils under the ordinary pressure at 135-139° ; it also re-acts with 

 potassium, decomposes into carbonic anhydrid, oxalic, formic, and acetic acids, 

 on oxidation with nitric acid, combines with halogens, and does not re-act 

 with mercuric oxide, even at 100°. 



Fraction 3 (20 per cent.), representing the portion passing over between 

 112° and 122° (16 mm.), has the empirical formula, C - H, S 3 , its sp. gr. at 15° 

 being 1-0845 ; it yields the compound, C 6 H i0 S, when heated with zinc-dust. 



Fraction 4 (10*5 per cent.) consists of the residue boiling above 122° (16 

 mm.) ; it decomposes if the distillation is continued. On analysis, values were 

 obtained approximating to those required by the formula C - H 10 S 4 . 



Oil of garlic contains neither allyl sulphide nor a sesquiterpene. — J. Ch. S. 

 LXIV., pt. I (1893), p. 103. 



