﻿Beelevation 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  river 
  basin. 
  3 
  

  

  uplift 
  averages 
  seven 
  inches 
  per 
  mile 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  eastward 
  ascent 
  

   is 
  approximately 
  three 
  inches 
  per 
  mile. 
  The 
  latest 
  and 
  lowest 
  

   of 
  the 
  Western 
  Superior 
  lake 
  beaches 
  observed 
  at 
  Duluth, 
  

   occupied 
  by 
  the 
  "boulevard" 
  or 
  pleasure 
  driveway, 
  475 
  feet 
  

   above 
  the 
  lake, 
  on 
  the 
  bluffs 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  city, 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  

   an 
  ascent 
  of 
  only 
  about 
  35 
  feet 
  in 
  the 
  distance 
  to 
  Mt. 
  Jose- 
  

   phine, 
  showing 
  that 
  the 
  uplift 
  of 
  the 
  land 
  was 
  quite 
  rapidly 
  

   in 
  progress 
  while 
  the 
  ice-front 
  still 
  maintained 
  the 
  lake 
  at 
  the 
  

   St. 
  Croix 
  outlet. 
  Not 
  long 
  after 
  the 
  glacial 
  retreat 
  passed 
  east- 
  

   ward 
  beyond 
  Mt. 
  Josephine 
  and 
  Marquette, 
  this 
  lake 
  was 
  low- 
  

   ered 
  and 
  merged 
  with 
  Lake 
  Warren 
  across 
  the 
  lowlands 
  of 
  the 
  

   northern 
  peninsula 
  of 
  Michigan. 
  The 
  vertical 
  interval 
  between 
  

   the 
  final 
  stage 
  of 
  the 
  Western 
  Superior 
  Lake 
  and 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  

   Lake 
  Warren 
  shown 
  by 
  its 
  earliest 
  beach 
  at 
  Duluth 
  was 
  about 
  

   60 
  feet. 
  Thenceforward 
  the 
  outlet 
  of 
  Lake 
  Warren 
  past 
  Chi- 
  

   cago 
  carried 
  away 
  the 
  drainage 
  from 
  the 
  glacial 
  melting 
  and 
  

   rainfall 
  of 
  the 
  Superior 
  basin. 
  

  

  The 
  Western 
  Erie 
  glacial 
  lake* 
  — 
  Outflowing 
  from 
  the 
  

   southwestern 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  Lake 
  Erie 
  basin 
  by 
  a 
  large 
  abandoned 
  

   watercourse, 
  which 
  reaches 
  from 
  Ft. 
  Wayne, 
  Ind., 
  where 
  the 
  

   St. 
  Joseph's 
  and 
  St. 
  Mary's 
  rivers 
  unite 
  to 
  form 
  the 
  Maumee, 
  

   across 
  the 
  present 
  watershed 
  to 
  the 
  Wabash 
  river, 
  this 
  glacial 
  

   lake 
  formed 
  two 
  distinct 
  beaches, 
  named 
  by 
  N. 
  H. 
  Winchell 
  

   the 
  Yan 
  Wert 
  and 
  Leipsic 
  ridges, 
  separated 
  by 
  a 
  vertical 
  inter- 
  

   val 
  of 
  15 
  to 
  20 
  or 
  25 
  feet. 
  The 
  upper 
  or 
  Yan 
  Wert 
  beach, 
  

   with 
  its 
  crest 
  varying 
  in 
  altitude 
  from 
  200 
  to 
  220 
  feet 
  above 
  

   Lake 
  Erie 
  (whose 
  mean 
  height 
  is 
  573 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea), 
  

   extends 
  about 
  75 
  miles 
  east 
  to 
  Findlay, 
  Ohio, 
  and 
  nearly 
  an 
  

   equal 
  distance 
  northeast 
  past 
  Bryan, 
  Ohio, 
  to 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  

   Adrian, 
  Mich., 
  if 
  not 
  farther. 
  At 
  Findlay 
  the 
  lake 
  while 
  

   forming 
  this 
  beach, 
  as 
  Winchell 
  and 
  Leverett 
  have 
  shown, 
  was 
  

   bounded 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  by 
  the 
  ice-sheet 
  then 
  forming 
  the 
  Blan- 
  

   chard 
  moraine. 
  The 
  second 
  or 
  Leipsic 
  beach 
  of 
  the 
  Western 
  

   Erie 
  Lake, 
  ranging 
  in 
  height 
  from 
  190 
  to 
  210 
  feet, 
  runs 
  from 
  

   Ft. 
  Wayne 
  eastward 
  175 
  miles 
  to 
  its 
  termination, 
  as 
  described 
  

   by 
  Leverett, 
  at 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  a 
  later 
  moraine 
  close 
  southwest 
  of 
  

  

  *G. 
  K. 
  Gilbert, 
  this 
  Journal, 
  IIT, 
  vol. 
  i, 
  pp. 
  339-345, 
  with 
  map, 
  May, 
  1871; 
  

   Geology 
  of 
  Ohio, 
  vol. 
  i. 
  1873, 
  pp. 
  540-556, 
  with 
  two 
  maps. 
  N. 
  H. 
  Winchell, 
  

   Proc. 
  A. 
  A. 
  A. 
  S., 
  vol. 
  xxi, 
  for 
  1872, 
  pp. 
  171-179 
  ; 
  Geology 
  of 
  Ohio, 
  vol. 
  ii, 
  1874, 
  

   pp. 
  56. 
  431-4H3, 
  etc. 
  J. 
  S. 
  Newberry, 
  Geology 
  of 
  Ohio, 
  vol. 
  ii 
  pp. 
  46-65, 
  with 
  

   three 
  maps 
  and 
  numerous 
  sections. 
  E. 
  W. 
  Claypole, 
  "The 
  Lake 
  Age 
  in 
  Ohio," 
  

   Trans. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  Edinburgh, 
  1887, 
  p. 
  42, 
  with 
  four 
  maps. 
  G. 
  F. 
  Wright, 
  The 
  

   Ice 
  Age 
  in 
  North 
  America, 
  1889, 
  chapter 
  xv 
  (with 
  reproduction 
  of 
  Prof. 
  Clay- 
  

   pole"s 
  maps, 
  that 
  of 
  Lake 
  Erie-Ontario 
  being 
  on 
  p. 
  355). 
  J. 
  W. 
  Spencer, 
  this 
  

   Journal, 
  III, 
  vol. 
  xli, 
  p. 
  208, 
  with 
  map, 
  March, 
  1891; 
  Bulletin, 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  Am., 
  

   vol. 
  ii, 
  1891, 
  pp. 
  465-476, 
  with 
  map. 
  Frank 
  Leverett, 
  this 
  Journal, 
  III, 
  vol. 
  

   xliii, 
  pp. 
  281-297. 
  with 
  map, 
  April, 
  1892. 
  Warren 
  Upham. 
  Bulletin, 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  

   Am., 
  vol. 
  ii, 
  p. 
  259; 
  Minnesota 
  Geol. 
  Survey, 
  Twenty-second 
  Ann. 
  Rep. 
  for 
  1893, 
  

   p. 
  62 
  (first 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  name 
  Western 
  Erie 
  Glacial 
  Lake). 
  

  

  