﻿Reelevation 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  river 
  basin. 
  5 
  

  

  Erie 
  glacial 
  lakes, 
  the 
  far 
  more 
  extensive 
  Lake 
  Warren 
  at 
  the 
  

   beginning 
  of 
  its 
  existence 
  occupied 
  only 
  the 
  southern 
  end 
  of 
  

   the 
  basin 
  of 
  Lake 
  Michigan. 
  It 
  grew 
  northward 
  as 
  the 
  ice- 
  

   sheet 
  retired, 
  and 
  in 
  due 
  time 
  it 
  received 
  these 
  two 
  lakes 
  to 
  

   itself 
  , 
  expanding 
  thus 
  into 
  the 
  basins 
  of 
  Lakes 
  Superior, 
  Huron, 
  

   and 
  Erie. 
  The 
  maximum 
  development 
  of 
  Lake 
  Warren 
  

   stretched 
  from 
  Thomson, 
  Minn., 
  above 
  and 
  west 
  of 
  Duluth, 
  

   eastward 
  to 
  Lake 
  Nipissing, 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  nearly 
  600 
  miles 
  ; 
  

   and 
  from 
  Chicago, 
  where 
  it 
  outflowed 
  to 
  the 
  Des 
  Plaines, 
  Illi- 
  

   nois, 
  and 
  Mississippi 
  rivers, 
  it 
  extended 
  eastward 
  in 
  its 
  highest 
  

   stages 
  across 
  the 
  southern 
  peninsula 
  of 
  Michigan, 
  and 
  later 
  by 
  

   way 
  of 
  the 
  strait 
  of 
  Mackinaw 
  and 
  over 
  Lakes 
  Huron, 
  St. 
  

   Clair, 
  and 
  Erie, 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  Lake 
  Ontario 
  basin 
  and 
  

   to 
  Crittenden 
  in 
  southwestern 
  New 
  York. 
  This 
  area 
  exceeded 
  

   100,000 
  square 
  miles, 
  being 
  nearly 
  equal 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  glacial 
  

   Lake 
  Agassiz. 
  The 
  Belmore 
  and 
  JSTelson 
  beaches, 
  the 
  two 
  

   highest 
  formed 
  by 
  Lake 
  Warren 
  in 
  the 
  basins 
  of 
  Lakes 
  Erie, 
  

   Huron, 
  and 
  Superior, 
  called 
  by 
  Spencer 
  the 
  Ridgeway 
  beach 
  

   (a 
  later 
  name 
  than 
  N. 
  H. 
  Winchell's 
  " 
  Belmore 
  ridge") 
  in 
  their 
  

   united 
  course 
  about 
  the 
  west 
  half 
  of 
  Lake 
  Erie, 
  show 
  that, 
  since 
  

   the 
  fullest 
  expansion 
  of 
  this 
  great 
  glacial 
  lake, 
  the 
  whole 
  basin 
  

   of 
  Lake 
  Superior 
  and 
  the 
  country 
  eastward 
  to 
  Lake 
  Nipissing 
  

   have 
  been 
  uplifted 
  400 
  to 
  550 
  or 
  600 
  feet, 
  in 
  comparison 
  with 
  

   Chicago 
  and 
  the 
  southern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Lake 
  Michigan 
  basin, 
  

   while 
  the 
  uplift 
  at 
  Cleveland 
  has 
  been 
  about 
  115 
  feet, 
  and 
  

   at 
  Crittenden, 
  N. 
  Y., 
  not 
  less 
  than 
  260 
  feet 
  (more 
  probably 
  

   about 
  300 
  feet). 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Chicago, 
  Lake 
  Warren 
  formed 
  three 
  

   beaches, 
  belonging 
  to 
  lake 
  levels 
  successively 
  about 
  45 
  to 
  50 
  

   feet, 
  15 
  feet, 
  and 
  30 
  feet 
  above 
  Lake 
  Michigan. 
  That 
  the 
  

  

  Abandoned 
  Strands 
  of 
  Lake 
  Warren," 
  Minnesota 
  Geol. 
  Survey, 
  Twentieth 
  An. 
  

   Rep. 
  for 
  1891. 
  pp. 
  181-289. 
  with 
  map, 
  profiles, 
  and 
  figures 
  from 
  photographs. 
  

   P. 
  B. 
  Taylor, 
  this 
  Journal, 
  III, 
  vol. 
  xliii, 
  pp. 
  210-218, 
  March, 
  1892 
  (Mackinac 
  

   island); 
  Bulletin 
  Geol. 
  Soe. 
  Am., 
  vol. 
  v, 
  pp. 
  620-626, 
  with 
  maps, 
  April, 
  1894 
  

   (Lake 
  Nipissing) 
  : 
  Am. 
  Geologist, 
  vol. 
  xiii, 
  pp. 
  316-327 
  (Green 
  bay) 
  and 
  365-383 
  

   (south 
  coast 
  of 
  Lake 
  Superior), 
  with 
  maps, 
  May 
  and 
  June, 
  1894; 
  id., 
  vol. 
  xiv, 
  pp. 
  

   273-289 
  (east 
  of 
  Georgian 
  bay), 
  with 
  map, 
  Nov., 
  1894. 
  The 
  highest 
  beach 
  on 
  

   Mackinac 
  island, 
  which 
  Mr. 
  Taylor 
  calls 
  the 
  " 
  Algonquin 
  beach," 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  

   correlative 
  with 
  his 
  Nelson 
  and 
  higher 
  beaches 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Lake 
  Nipissing, 
  

   regarded 
  in 
  this 
  paper 
  as 
  marking 
  the 
  early 
  high 
  stages 
  of 
  Lake 
  Warren. 
  C. 
  

   "Whittlesey. 
  Smithsonian 
  Contributions, 
  vol. 
  xv, 
  1864, 
  pp. 
  17-22. 
  B.Andrews, 
  

   " 
  The 
  North 
  American 
  Lakes 
  considered 
  as 
  Chronometers 
  of 
  Postglacial 
  Time," 
  

   Trans. 
  Chicago 
  Academy 
  of 
  Sciences, 
  vol. 
  ft. 
  Nearly 
  all 
  the 
  edition 
  of 
  this 
  im- 
  

   portant 
  paper 
  was 
  consumed 
  in 
  the 
  Chicago 
  fire 
  of 
  1871. 
  It 
  is 
  quite 
  fully 
  re- 
  

   produced 
  by 
  James 
  C. 
  Southall, 
  in 
  "The 
  Recent 
  Origin 
  of 
  Man," 
  1875, 
  chapter 
  

   xxxiii 
  (pp. 
  495-506, 
  with 
  sections) 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  " 
  The 
  Epoch 
  of 
  the 
  Mammoth 
  and 
  the 
  

   Apparition 
  of 
  Man 
  upon 
  the 
  Earth," 
  1878, 
  chapter 
  xxii 
  (pp. 
  348-367, 
  with 
  sec- 
  

   tions). 
  N. 
  H. 
  Winchell, 
  J. 
  S. 
  Newberry, 
  E. 
  W. 
  Claypole, 
  and 
  G. 
  P. 
  Wright, 
  as 
  

   before 
  cited. 
  Geol. 
  Survey 
  of 
  Canada, 
  Report 
  of 
  Progress 
  to 
  1863. 
  pp. 
  912, 
  913. 
  

   Warren 
  Upham, 
  Bulletin 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  Am., 
  vol. 
  ii, 
  pp. 
  258-265 
  ; 
  vol. 
  iii, 
  pp. 
  484- 
  

   487. 
  Geology 
  of 
  Minnesota, 
  Twenty-second 
  An. 
  Rep. 
  for 
  1893, 
  as 
  before 
  cited. 
  

   Am. 
  Geologist, 
  vol. 
  xiv, 
  pp. 
  62-65, 
  July, 
  1894. 
  

  

  