﻿48 
  Linebarger 
  — 
  Application 
  of 
  Law 
  of 
  Solubility 
  to 
  

  

  Art. 
  IY. 
  — 
  On 
  the 
  Application 
  of 
  the 
  Schroeder-Le 
  Chatelier 
  

   Law 
  of 
  Solubility 
  to 
  Solutions 
  of 
  Salts 
  in 
  Organic 
  Liquids 
  / 
  

  

  by 
  C. 
  E. 
  LlNEBARG-ER. 
  

  

  It 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  by 
  two 
  scientists, 
  working 
  independently, 
  

   that, 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  thermodynamical 
  considerations, 
  the 
  solu- 
  

   bility 
  of 
  a 
  substance 
  may 
  be 
  shown 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  all 
  

   solvents 
  ; 
  the 
  mode 
  of 
  deduction 
  employed 
  by 
  each 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  

   the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  experimental 
  proof 
  offered 
  is 
  quite 
  different. 
  

   Schroeder* 
  established 
  these 
  two 
  equations 
  : 
  

  

  and 
  

  

  l 
  -<2 
  TT 
  ' 
  ( 
  } 
  

  

  ~f 
  = 
  Jp 
  = 
  constant, 
  (Ibis) 
  

  

  in 
  which 
  s 
  represents 
  the 
  solubility 
  (defined 
  by 
  the 
  ratio 
  of 
  the 
  

   number 
  of 
  the 
  molecules 
  of 
  the 
  dissolved 
  substance 
  to 
  the 
  

   total 
  number 
  of 
  molecules 
  making 
  up 
  the 
  saturated 
  solution) 
  ; 
  

   p, 
  the 
  latent 
  heat 
  of 
  fusion 
  of 
  a 
  kilogram 
  of 
  the 
  dissolved 
  

   (solid) 
  substance; 
  T 
  , 
  the 
  absolute 
  point 
  of 
  fusion 
  of 
  the 
  dis- 
  

   solved 
  substance 
  ; 
  T, 
  the 
  temperature 
  at 
  which 
  saturation 
  takes 
  

   place 
  ; 
  and 
  Q, 
  the 
  heat 
  of 
  solution 
  of 
  a 
  kilogram-molecule 
  of 
  

   the 
  solid 
  substance 
  in 
  almost 
  saturated 
  solution. 
  Experiments 
  

   carried 
  out 
  with 
  solutions 
  of 
  ^<2m-di-brom-benzene 
  in 
  carbon 
  

   disulphide, 
  benzene, 
  and 
  mono-brom-benzene 
  ; 
  of 
  naphthaline 
  

   in 
  benzene, 
  mono-chlor-benzene, 
  and 
  carbon 
  tetrachloride 
  ; 
  of 
  

   meta-di-nitro-benzene 
  in 
  benzene, 
  mono-brom-benzene, 
  and 
  

   chloroform 
  : 
  corroborated 
  fully 
  the 
  statement 
  that 
  " 
  the 
  solu- 
  

   bilities 
  at 
  equal 
  intervals 
  from 
  the 
  temperatures 
  of 
  fusion 
  for 
  

   different 
  solid 
  bodies 
  and 
  in 
  different 
  solvents 
  are 
  the 
  same" 
  

  

  For 
  alcoholic 
  solutions, 
  however, 
  this 
  law 
  was 
  found 
  not 
  to 
  

   obtain 
  even 
  approximately 
  ; 
  this 
  is 
  undoubtedly 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  cir- 
  

   cumstance 
  that 
  the 
  alcohols 
  are 
  made 
  up 
  of 
  associated 
  mole- 
  

   cules, 
  although 
  Schroeder 
  did 
  not 
  take 
  this 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  matter, 
  

   perhaps 
  because, 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  his 
  paper, 
  

   our 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  molecular 
  state 
  of 
  liquids 
  was 
  exceed- 
  

   ingly 
  slight. 
  

  

  The 
  law 
  was 
  further 
  tested 
  by 
  Schroeder, 
  by 
  determining 
  

   the 
  solubility 
  of 
  j?«ra-di-brom-benzene 
  in 
  mixtures 
  of 
  chloro- 
  

   form 
  and 
  benzene, 
  which 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  very 
  nearly 
  the 
  same 
  

   as 
  in 
  either 
  of 
  the 
  pure 
  solvents. 
  

  

  The 
  formula 
  developed 
  by 
  Le 
  Chatelierf 
  runs 
  thus 
  : 
  

  

  * 
  Zeitschr. 
  f. 
  phys. 
  Chem., 
  xi, 
  449, 
  1893. 
  

   f 
  Comptes 
  rend., 
  cxiii, 
  638, 
  1894. 
  

  

  