﻿Solutions 
  of 
  Salts 
  in 
  Organic 
  Liquids. 
  49 
  

  

  0-002 
  Log 
  nep 
  s 
  h 
  — 
  = 
  0, 
  (2) 
  

  

  in 
  which 
  s 
  has 
  the 
  same 
  signification 
  as 
  in 
  equation 
  (1) 
  ; 
  L 
  

   is 
  the 
  latent 
  heat 
  of 
  solution 
  of 
  a 
  molecule 
  of 
  the 
  dissolved 
  

   substance 
  in 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  the 
  nearly 
  saturated 
  solution 
  ; 
  

   t 
  is 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  saturation, 
  and 
  t 
  o 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  fusion. 
  

   This 
  formula 
  leads 
  at 
  once 
  to 
  the 
  conclusion 
  that 
  " 
  the 
  nor- 
  

   mal 
  curve 
  of 
  solubility 
  of 
  a 
  given 
  body 
  should 
  be 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  

   all 
  solvents, 
  because 
  the 
  equation 
  contains 
  no 
  term 
  having 
  

   reference 
  to 
  the 
  solvent" 
  

  

  In 
  a 
  subsequent 
  " 
  Note," 
  Le 
  Chatelier 
  communicated 
  the 
  

   solubilities 
  of 
  sodium 
  chloride 
  in 
  fused 
  sodium 
  carbonate, 
  and 
  

   barium 
  chloride 
  ; 
  also 
  of 
  lithium 
  sulphate 
  in 
  fused 
  calcium 
  

   sulphate, 
  lithium 
  carbonate, 
  and 
  sodium 
  sulphate, 
  these 
  data 
  

   being 
  found 
  entirely 
  in 
  accordance 
  with 
  the 
  law 
  enunciated. 
  

  

  Neither 
  Schroeder 
  nor 
  Le 
  Chatelier 
  claims 
  that 
  the 
  law 
  in 
  

   question 
  expresses 
  more 
  than 
  an 
  approximate 
  relation 
  between 
  

   the 
  quantities 
  upon 
  which 
  it 
  has 
  a 
  bearing. 
  Le 
  Chatelier 
  as- 
  

   cribes 
  any 
  exceptions 
  to 
  its 
  generality 
  to 
  differences 
  in 
  the 
  

   latent 
  heats 
  of 
  solution, 
  which 
  may 
  vary 
  from 
  solvent 
  to 
  sol- 
  

   vent. 
  The 
  law 
  should, 
  then, 
  be 
  restricted 
  in 
  its 
  government 
  

   to 
  chemically 
  similar 
  compounds, 
  and, 
  indeed, 
  it 
  is 
  seen 
  that 
  

   the 
  compounds, 
  experimented 
  upon 
  by 
  each 
  observer, 
  belong 
  

   to 
  the 
  same 
  general 
  classes, 
  — 
  the 
  normal 
  organic 
  preparations 
  

   (Schroeder), 
  and 
  the 
  salts 
  (Le 
  Chatelier). 
  But 
  when 
  we 
  con- 
  

   sider 
  groups 
  of 
  chemical 
  substances 
  of 
  differing 
  natures, 
  we 
  

   perceive 
  that 
  all 
  the 
  regularity 
  of 
  the 
  phenomenon, 
  which 
  has 
  

   been 
  formulated 
  into 
  a 
  law, 
  disappears; 
  the 
  very 
  fact, 
  that 
  

   there 
  exist 
  substances, 
  which 
  do 
  not 
  unite 
  with 
  certain 
  others 
  

   to 
  form 
  the 
  homogeneous 
  mixtures 
  commonly 
  called 
  solutions, 
  

   is 
  sufficient 
  to 
  warrant 
  the 
  restriction 
  of 
  the 
  law 
  to 
  quite 
  nar- 
  

   row 
  limits. 
  Nearly 
  all 
  inorganic 
  salts 
  are 
  not 
  at 
  all, 
  or, 
  at 
  

   most, 
  but 
  sparingly 
  soluble 
  in 
  the 
  vast 
  number 
  of 
  organic 
  

   liquids. 
  Unhappily, 
  our 
  quantitative 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  solubility 
  

   of 
  salts 
  in 
  organic 
  liquids 
  is 
  very 
  limited 
  ; 
  yet 
  perhaps 
  enough 
  

   data 
  may 
  be 
  collected 
  to 
  permit 
  of 
  the 
  drawing 
  of 
  theoretic 
  

   conclusions. 
  The 
  object 
  of 
  this 
  paper 
  is 
  to 
  discuss 
  in 
  the 
  light 
  

   of 
  the 
  Schroeder-Le 
  Chatelier 
  law, 
  the 
  data 
  we 
  possess 
  on 
  the 
  

   solubility 
  of 
  inorganic 
  salts 
  in 
  normal 
  organic 
  liquids. 
  The 
  

   importance 
  of 
  this 
  law, 
  which, 
  in 
  its 
  enunciation, 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   widest-reaching 
  in 
  the 
  domain 
  of 
  solutions, 
  makes 
  it 
  very 
  de- 
  

   sirable 
  that 
  it 
  be 
  applied 
  to 
  all 
  cases, 
  in 
  order 
  that 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  

   ascertained 
  to 
  what 
  degree 
  its 
  approximation 
  towards 
  truth 
  

   may 
  come. 
  

  

  The 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  determinations 
  of 
  the 
  solubilities 
  of 
  

   salts 
  in 
  organic 
  liquids 
  has 
  been 
  done 
  with 
  the 
  alcohols, 
  espec- 
  

  

  Am. 
  Joub. 
  Sci.— 
  Tiiibd 
  Series, 
  Vol. 
  XLIX, 
  No. 
  289 
  —Jan., 
  1895. 
  

   4 
  

  

  