﻿50 
  Linebarger 
  — 
  Apphcation 
  of 
  Law 
  of 
  Solubility 
  to 
  

  

  ially 
  ethyl 
  alcohol, 
  as 
  solvents. 
  The 
  choice 
  of 
  such 
  solvents 
  is 
  

   unfortunate, 
  since, 
  aside 
  from 
  the 
  difficulty 
  experienced 
  in 
  get- 
  

   ting 
  and 
  preserving 
  them 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  of 
  purity, 
  they 
  are 
  made 
  

   up 
  of 
  associated 
  molecules 
  ; 
  and 
  this 
  circumstance 
  introduces 
  

   very 
  serious 
  complications, 
  for 
  not 
  only 
  is 
  the 
  relative 
  propor- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  associated 
  molecules 
  different 
  at 
  different 
  temperatures, 
  

   but 
  also 
  the 
  dissolved 
  substance 
  must 
  have 
  some 
  influence 
  on 
  

   the 
  degree 
  of 
  molecular 
  association 
  of 
  the 
  solvent, 
  the 
  com- 
  

   bined 
  result 
  being 
  that 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  solvent 
  varies 
  

   infinitely. 
  Accordingly, 
  from 
  reasons 
  that 
  are 
  obvious, 
  only 
  

   "normal" 
  liquids, 
  that 
  is, 
  such 
  liquids 
  as 
  possess 
  the 
  same 
  

   molecular 
  mass 
  in 
  the 
  liquid 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  gaseous 
  state, 
  will 
  be 
  

   considered 
  in 
  what 
  follows. 
  By 
  thus 
  eliminating 
  the 
  difficulty 
  

   arising 
  from 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  associated 
  liquids, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  possible 
  to 
  

   get 
  matters 
  into 
  a 
  clearer 
  light. 
  In 
  what 
  follows, 
  no 
  preten- 
  

   sions 
  are 
  made 
  to 
  discuss 
  all 
  the 
  data 
  on 
  the 
  solubility 
  of 
  salts 
  

   in 
  organic 
  liquids 
  ; 
  only 
  such 
  data 
  as 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  the 
  stamp 
  

   of 
  reliability 
  will 
  be 
  considered. 
  

  

  Etard* 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  his 
  extended 
  investigations 
  on 
  the 
  

   solubility 
  of 
  substances, 
  determined 
  through 
  wide 
  ranges 
  of 
  

   temperature 
  the 
  solubilities 
  of 
  the 
  salts, 
  mercuric 
  and 
  cupric 
  

   chlorides, 
  in 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  normal 
  liquids, 
  mostly 
  esters. 
  As 
  in 
  

   this 
  case 
  the 
  solvents 
  are 
  chemically 
  very 
  similar, 
  it 
  seems 
  

   likely 
  that, 
  if 
  the 
  above 
  law 
  is 
  at 
  all 
  applicable 
  to 
  the 
  solubili- 
  

   ties 
  of 
  salts 
  in 
  organic 
  liquids, 
  Etard's 
  data 
  will 
  permit 
  of 
  its 
  

   ascertainment. 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  fitard, 
  the 
  solubility 
  of 
  corrosive 
  sublimate 
  in 
  

   ethyl 
  ether 
  is 
  as 
  follows, 
  — 
  the 
  numbers 
  directly 
  under 
  the 
  

   temperatures 
  being 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  salt 
  contained 
  

   in 
  100 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  saturated 
  solution 
  : 
  

  

  _47° 
  _40° 
  —35° 
  —30° 
  —19° 
  0° 
  13° 
  83° 
  100° 
  115° 
  

   5-6 
  5-8 
  6-1 
  5-9 
  5*6 
  5.8 
  5*8 
  8'4 
  8'V 
  9*0 
  

  

  From 
  — 
  47 
  to 
  +60°, 
  that 
  is, 
  throughout 
  a 
  temperature 
  

   interval 
  of 
  more 
  than 
  100°, 
  Etard 
  states 
  that 
  the 
  solubility 
  is 
  

   the 
  same 
  ; 
  the 
  average 
  of 
  the 
  above 
  first 
  seven 
  data 
  is 
  5*8, 
  

   which 
  represents 
  the 
  mean 
  solubility 
  for 
  the 
  temperature 
  inter- 
  

   val 
  just 
  mentioned. 
  If 
  this 
  be 
  recalculated 
  in 
  molecular 
  pro- 
  

   portions, 
  it 
  comes 
  out 
  that 
  100 
  molecules 
  of 
  the 
  saturated 
  solu- 
  

   tion 
  contain 
  1*65 
  molecules 
  (of 
  normal 
  size, 
  i. 
  e. 
  corresponding 
  

   to 
  the 
  formula 
  HgCl 
  2 
  ) 
  of 
  the 
  salt. 
  Above 
  60°, 
  however, 
  the 
  

   solubility 
  increases 
  with 
  rise 
  of 
  temperature 
  (see 
  Table 
  I 
  for 
  

   recalculated 
  data). 
  

  

  Similar 
  phenomena 
  were 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  solu- 
  

   bility 
  of 
  corrosive 
  sublimate 
  in 
  acetic 
  ether, 
  the 
  data 
  of 
  which 
  

   are 
  these 
  : 
  

  

  * 
  Ann. 
  de 
  chim. 
  et 
  de 
  phys., 
  "VII, 
  ii, 
  560. 
  

  

  

  