﻿Newfoundland, 
  Labrador 
  and 
  Southern 
  Greenland. 
  87 
  

  

  tunity 
  to 
  study 
  the 
  phenomena 
  along 
  each 
  side 
  to 
  that 
  point, 
  

   and 
  to 
  get 
  extensive 
  views 
  of 
  the 
  inland 
  ice 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  

   bordering 
  it. 
  

  

  The 
  glacial 
  phenomena 
  of 
  Newfoundland 
  have 
  been 
  very 
  

   carefully 
  studied 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Alexander 
  Murray 
  and 
  fully 
  recorded 
  

   in 
  his 
  paper 
  before 
  the 
  Royal 
  Society 
  of 
  Canada 
  in 
  1882, 
  pub- 
  

   lished 
  in 
  the 
  Proceedings 
  and 
  Transactions 
  of 
  that 
  year, 
  Sec. 
  

   iv, 
  pp. 
  55-76. 
  I 
  have 
  little 
  to 
  add 
  to 
  what 
  he 
  has 
  written, 
  

   except 
  to 
  set 
  the 
  facts 
  in 
  their 
  connection 
  with 
  those 
  observed 
  

   in 
  Labrador 
  and 
  Southern 
  Greenland, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  assist 
  in 
  forming 
  

   certain 
  general 
  conclusions. 
  

  

  The 
  west 
  coast 
  of 
  Newfoundland 
  presents 
  a 
  nearly 
  straight 
  

   face 
  to 
  the 
  sea, 
  running 
  about 
  N.N.E. 
  and 
  S.S.W. 
  The 
  south- 
  

   western 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  coast 
  rises 
  in 
  Cape 
  Argnille 
  to 
  

   a 
  height 
  of 
  1800 
  feet. 
  The 
  rounded 
  or 
  sloping 
  escarpments 
  

   usually 
  face 
  to 
  the 
  westward, 
  as 
  if 
  the 
  ice-movement 
  from 
  that 
  

   direction 
  had 
  covered 
  the 
  whole 
  island. 
  

  

  The 
  southeast 
  and 
  east 
  coast 
  is 
  deeply 
  indented 
  with 
  numer- 
  

   ous 
  large 
  bays 
  which 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  trend 
  in 
  lines 
  nearly 
  

   parallel 
  with 
  the 
  western 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  island. 
  Grand 
  Pond, 
  

   whose 
  surface 
  is 
  116 
  feet 
  above 
  tide, 
  has 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  more 
  than 
  

   1000 
  feet, 
  its 
  bottom 
  being 
  988 
  feet 
  below 
  sea-level. 
  The 
  

   evidences 
  of 
  former 
  occupation 
  by 
  glacial 
  ice 
  are 
  universal 
  in 
  

   the 
  island 
  ; 
  glacial 
  striae 
  being 
  found 
  not 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  valleys 
  

   opening 
  out 
  into 
  the 
  Atlantic, 
  but 
  upon 
  the 
  highest 
  headlands. 
  

   In 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  St. 
  John's 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  scratches 
  

   varies, 
  according 
  to 
  Murray, 
  from 
  N. 
  64 
  E. 
  to 
  S. 
  76 
  E. 
  upon 
  

   the 
  higher 
  lands, 
  which 
  are 
  from 
  300 
  to 
  600 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  

   sea. 
  On 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  Signal 
  Hill, 
  which 
  is 
  about 
  as 
  high 
  a 
  

   point 
  as 
  there 
  is 
  upon 
  the 
  peninsula 
  of 
  Avilon, 
  the 
  direction 
  

   of 
  the 
  scratches 
  is 
  S. 
  86 
  E. 
  At 
  Torbay, 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  north, 
  at 
  

   300 
  feet 
  above 
  tide, 
  the 
  scratches 
  are 
  S. 
  76 
  E. 
  On 
  the 
  Great 
  

   Belle 
  Island 
  in 
  Conception 
  Bay 
  the 
  direction 
  is 
  N. 
  38 
  E., 
  or 
  

   very 
  nearly 
  in 
  line 
  with 
  the 
  axis 
  of 
  the 
  bay. 
  At 
  Topsail 
  

   Head, 
  however, 
  which 
  lies 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  bay, 
  just 
  

   opposite 
  the 
  island, 
  and 
  650 
  feet 
  above 
  tide, 
  the 
  scratches 
  

   point, 
  according 
  to 
  Murray, 
  N. 
  43 
  W. 
  It 
  seems 
  to 
  me, 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  a 
  fair 
  question, 
  whether 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  movement 
  was 
  

   not 
  here 
  S. 
  43 
  E., 
  bringing 
  it 
  nearlv 
  in 
  line 
  with 
  the 
  scratches 
  

   upon 
  the 
  rocks 
  on 
  the 
  highlands 
  between 
  Topsail 
  Head 
  and 
  

   St. 
  John's. 
  

  

  So 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  could 
  learn, 
  the 
  transported 
  material 
  in 
  the 
  

   vicinity 
  of 
  St. 
  John's 
  is 
  local, 
  the 
  bowlders 
  on 
  Signal 
  Hill 
  

   being 
  all 
  traceable 
  to 
  outcrops 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  west, 
  where 
  the 
  

   land 
  is 
  very 
  nearly 
  upon 
  a 
  level 
  with 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  head- 
  

   lands. 
  Taken 
  altogether, 
  and 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  phe- 
  

   nomena 
  in 
  Nova 
  Scotia 
  and 
  Labrador, 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  soundings 
  

  

  