﻿88 
  G. 
  F. 
  Wright 
  — 
  Glacial 
  Phenomena 
  of 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  surrounding 
  sea, 
  there 
  seems 
  every 
  reason 
  to 
  accept 
  the 
  

   conclusion 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Murray, 
  that 
  the 
  glacial 
  phenomena 
  of 
  

   Newfoundland 
  belong 
  to 
  a 
  general 
  movement 
  which 
  filled 
  the 
  

   Gulf 
  of 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  and 
  extended 
  some 
  distance 
  out 
  upon 
  

   the 
  Atlantic 
  plateau 
  in 
  this 
  latitude. 
  1st. 
  The 
  glacial 
  scratches 
  

   which 
  appear 
  near 
  the 
  summits 
  of 
  the 
  highlands 
  are 
  often 
  at 
  

   right 
  angles 
  to 
  those 
  appearing 
  in 
  the 
  shallow 
  valleys, 
  indicat- 
  

   ing 
  a 
  movement, 
  at 
  the 
  climax 
  of 
  the 
  period, 
  which 
  was 
  

   largely 
  independent 
  of 
  local 
  features. 
  At 
  St. 
  John's 
  there 
  is 
  

   a 
  considerable 
  accumulation 
  of 
  till 
  upon 
  the 
  southeast 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  harbor 
  up 
  to 
  about 
  200 
  feet 
  ; 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  very 
  few 
  

   indications 
  of 
  any 
  vigorous 
  movement 
  of 
  ice 
  along 
  the 
  axis 
  of 
  

   the 
  harbor. 
  It 
  was 
  with 
  difficulty 
  that 
  I 
  found 
  any 
  indica- 
  

   tions 
  of 
  movement 
  at 
  all 
  underneath 
  this 
  till. 
  The 
  whole 
  

   appearance 
  was 
  that 
  the 
  harbor 
  had 
  been 
  filled 
  with 
  nearly 
  

   stagnant 
  ice, 
  having 
  but 
  a 
  slight 
  movement 
  making 
  very 
  fine 
  

   scratches 
  in 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  axis 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   harbor, 
  which 
  was 
  northeast, 
  or 
  about 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  the 
  

   scratches 
  upon 
  Signal 
  Hill, 
  and 
  to 
  those 
  near 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  

   the 
  hill 
  upon 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  harbor. 
  

  

  2. 
  The 
  depth 
  of 
  Grand 
  Pond 
  (988 
  feet 
  below 
  sea-level) 
  

   coincides 
  with 
  numerous 
  other 
  facts 
  indicating 
  a 
  preglacial 
  

   elevation. 
  In 
  Conception 
  Bay 
  the 
  general 
  depth 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  

   is 
  from 
  100 
  to 
  140 
  fathoms 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  depth 
  across 
  the 
  mouth 
  

   is 
  only 
  80 
  fathoms, 
  indicating 
  a 
  bank 
  which 
  is 
  most 
  likely 
  a 
  

   terminal 
  moraine. 
  The 
  mouth 
  of 
  Holyrood 
  Bay 
  is 
  crossed 
  by 
  

   a 
  similar 
  bank, 
  convex 
  on 
  the 
  inside, 
  and 
  is 
  covered 
  by 
  only 
  

   thirteen 
  fathoms 
  of 
  water, 
  while 
  it 
  suddenly 
  deepens 
  on 
  both 
  

   sides 
  to 
  forty 
  fathoms. 
  As 
  is 
  well 
  known, 
  also 
  (see 
  especially 
  

   a 
  paper 
  by 
  Prof. 
  J. 
  W. 
  Spencer, 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  of 
  Am., 
  vol. 
  i, 
  p. 
  

   68), 
  the 
  shallow 
  water 
  surrounding 
  Newfoundland, 
  and 
  extend- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  Nova 
  Scotia, 
  is 
  intersected 
  by 
  a 
  deep 
  channel 
  extending 
  

   from 
  the 
  Saguenay 
  River 
  down 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  and 
  through 
  

   the 
  Gulf, 
  south 
  of 
  Anticosti 
  Island, 
  to 
  the 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  

   plateau 
  which 
  suddenly 
  breaks 
  off 
  into 
  the 
  profounder 
  depths 
  

   of 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  Ocean,, 
  about 
  200 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  present 
  land 
  

   margin. 
  This 
  channel 
  is, 
  throughout 
  its 
  entire 
  length, 
  more 
  

   than 
  1200 
  feet 
  in 
  depth, 
  reaching 
  towards 
  its 
  mouth 
  a 
  depth 
  

   of 
  nearly 
  2000 
  feet. 
  Throughout 
  its 
  entire 
  length, 
  also, 
  it 
  is 
  

   pretty 
  sharply 
  bordered 
  by 
  a 
  margin 
  of 
  shallow 
  water 
  less 
  than 
  

   500 
  feet 
  in 
  depth. 
  

  

  3. 
  Along 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Labrador 
  the 
  most 
  instructive 
  feature 
  of 
  

   the 
  scenery 
  is 
  its 
  subdued 
  character, 
  especially 
  when 
  contrasted 
  

   with 
  the 
  west 
  coast 
  of 
  Southern 
  Greenland. 
  From 
  the 
  Straits 
  

   of 
  Belle 
  Isle 
  to 
  Hamilton 
  Inlet 
  the 
  entire 
  coast 
  came 
  within 
  

   reach 
  of 
  our 
  vision. 
  Everywhere 
  the 
  land 
  rises 
  pretty 
  rapidly 
  

   to 
  heights 
  of 
  from 
  1000 
  to 
  2000 
  feet. 
  But 
  though 
  the 
  rocks 
  

  

  